Abstract
References
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Abstract
Objective: This study aims to determine how the COVID-19 pandemic process and restrictions affect eating behaviors and habits in children in the late period and the late period effects of this process on childhood obesity.
Method: The study group was composed of students living and continuing their education in the province of Malatya. The survey was conducted in May 2021 on 4324 students who agreed to participate in the study and met the inclusion criteria. The way of measuring height and body weight was described, and new communication technology was used with the Google survey platform. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Standards were used for the evaluation of height and body weight measurements.
Results: 1839 (42.5%) of the participants were male. The ages of the students ranged from 9‐17, and their mean age was 13.38±2.06 years. The current mean body weight of the students was 51.56 ± 15.105 kg, and the mean bodyweight one year ago was calculated as 46.02 ± 13.728 kg. When the current body mass index percentiles of the students were evaluated according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention standards, 1.2% were found to be thin, 87.9% normal and 10.8% obese. When the percentiles of body mass index one year ago were evaluated, 2.5% were found to be thin, 89.6% normal and 7.9% obese. When the body weights of the previous year and current were compared, there was a significant difference between the thin patients (p<0.05) and the obese ones, as well (p0.05). In the development of obesity during the pandemic process and the restriction period, it was determined that the changes in their regular eating habits, the conditions of their place and home, the time spent with technological devices, the daily physical activity time, mother's education and working status, the time they spent asleep and the fear they experienced were effective (p<0.05). It was observed that this effect of pandemic process and restrictions increasing the development of obesity was independent of personal data such as the child's blood group, breastfeeding and nutritional status in infancy, chronic disease, and birth type (p>0.05). We found that during the pandemic process and the restriction period, their regular meal habits were negatively affected, their appetite increased, convenience food and fast food consumption did not increase significantly, and fruit and vegetable consumption increased (p <0.05).
Conclusions: We determined that the COVID-19 pandemic and restrictions triggered the development of obesity in children in the late period. It can be said that the effect on the development of obesity is due to the restriction of physical activities of children, changes in eating habits, increased time spent inactive by using technological devices more, and psychological effects related to the stress experienced.
Keywords
References
- 1. Yılmazbaş P, Gökçay G. Çocukluk Çağı Obezitesi ve Önlenmesi. Çocuk Dergisi 2018;18(3):103-12.
- 2. Senol V, Unalan D, Bayat M, Mazicioglu MM, Ozturk A, Kurtoglu S. Change in reference body massindex percentiles and deviation in overweight and obesity over 3 years in Turkish children and adolescents. J Pediatr Endocr Met 2014;27:1121-9.
- 3. Kaya M, Sayan A, Birinci M, Yildiz M, Turkmen K. The obesity prevalence among students between the ages of 5 and 19 in Kutahya. Turk J MedSci 2014;44:10-5.
- 4. Muslu GK, Beytut D, Kahraman A, Yardımcı F, Başbakkal Z. Ebeveyn besleme tarzı ve etkileyen etmenlerin incelenmesi. Türk Ped Arş. 2014;49:224-30.
- 5. Yılmaz R, Erkorkmaz Ü. Adaptation study of the Turkish children’seating behavior questionnaire. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry 2011;12:287-94.
- 6. ttps://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/haberler/turkiyecocukluk-cagi-sismanlik/COSI-TUR-2016-Kitap.pdf
- 7. WHO announces COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic. 2020 http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-emergencies/coronavirus-covid-19/news/news/2020/3/who-announces-covid-19-outbreak-a-pandemic
- 8. Mattioli AV, Ballerini Puviani M, Nasi M, Farinetti A. COVID-19 pandemic: the effects of quarantine on cardiovascular risk. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr 2020;5:1–4.
- 9. Mattioli AV, Ballerini Puviani M. Lifestyle at time of COVID-19, how could quarantine affect cardiovascular risk. Am. J. LifestyleMed 2020;14(3):240–2.
- 10. Abbas AM, Fathy SK, Fawzy AT, Salem AS, Shawky MS. The mutual effects of COVID-19 andobesity. Obes. Med. 2020
- 11. Laitinen J, Ek E, Sovio U. Stress-related eating and drinking behaviorand body massindex and predictors of this behavior. Prev. Med. 2002;34:29–39.
- 12. Kuczmarski RJ, Ogden CL, Guo SS, et al. 2000 CDC GrowthChartsforthe United States: methods and development. VitalHealth Stat 2002;11(246):1‐190.
- 13. Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE, et al. The psychologica limpact of quarantineand how toreduce it: rapidreview of theevidence Lancet 2020; 395: 912–20.
- 14. Genevieve FD, Bridgette D, Shirlene DW. Earlyeffects of the COVID-19 pandemic on physicalactivity and sedentary behavior in children living in the U.S. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1351.
- 15. Stavridou A, Kapsali E, Panagouli E, et al. Obesity in Children and Adolescents during COVID-19 Pandemic. Children 2021;8(2):135.
- 16. Mattioli AV, Pinti M, FarinettiA, Nasi M. Obesity risk during collective quarantine for the COVID-19 epidemic. Elsevier Public Health Emergency Collection Published online 2020 Jun 9.
- 17. Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee. Physical activity guidelinesa dvisory committee report. Washington, DC: Department of Healthand Human Services; 2008. p. A1–H14.
- 18. Dunton GF, Bridgette D, Shirlene DW. Early effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity and sedentary behavior in children living in the U.S. BMC Public Health 2020;20:1351.
- 19. Ruiz-Roso MB, de Carvalho Padilha P, et al. Covid-19 Confinementand Changes of Adolescent’s Dietary Trends in Italy, Spain, Chile, Colombiaand Brazil. Nutrients. 2020;12:1807.
- 20. Gnavi R, Spagnoli TD, Galotto C, Pugliese E, Carta A, Cesari L. Social-economic status, over weight and obezsity in prepubertal children in an area of Northern Italy. Eur J Epidemol. 2000;16:797-803
- 21. Papandreou C, Mourad TA, Jildeh C, Abdeen Z, Philalithis A, Tzanakis N. Obezty in Mediterranean region(1997-2007): a systematic rewiew. Obesity Rev. 2008;9:389-399.
- 22. Müller MJ, Danilezik S, Pust S. School- and familybased interventions to prevent overweight in children. Proc Nutr Soc 2005;64(2):249-254.
- 23. Sbruzzi G, Eibel B, Barbier, SM, Petkowicz RO, Ribeiro RA. Educational interventions in childhood obesity: A systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Prev Med. 2013;56: 254-26
- 24. Martorell R, Kettel Khan L, Hughes ML, Grummer Strawn LM. Overweight and obesity in presschool childen from developing countries. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2000;24:959-967
- 25. Fiore H, Travis S, Whalen A, Auinger P, Ryan S. Potentially protective factors associated with healthful body mass index in adolescents with obese and non-obese parents: a secondary data analysis of the third national health and nutrition examination survey, 1988–1944. Journal of American Dietetic Association. 2006; 106: 55–64.
- 26. Adams EL, Caccavale LJ, Smith D,Bean, MK. Food Insecurity, the Home Food Environment, and Parent Feeding Practices in the Era of COVID-19. Obesity 2020; 28: 2056-63.
- 27. Ruopeng A. Projecting the impact of the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic on child hood obesity in the United States: A microsimulation model. J. SportHealthSci 2020; 9: 302–12.
- 28. Renzo LD, Gualtieri P, et al. Psychological Aspectsand Eating Habits during COVID-19 Home Confinement: Results of EHLC-COVID-19 Italian Online Survey.Nutrients 2020; 12: 2152.
- 29. Conway TL, Vickers RR, Ward HW, Rahe RH. Occupational stres and variation in cigarette, coffee, alcohol consumption. J. HealthSoc. Behav. 1981;22:155–65.
- 30. Ravelli AC, Van Der Meulen JH, Michels RP, et al. Glucose tolerance in adult safter prenatal exposure to famine. Lancet 1998;351:173.
- 31. Kleigman R, Gahagan S. Chapter 47, Overweight and Obesity. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, Volume 1, Edition 20, 2016;307-16
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Health Care Administration |
| Journal Section | Medical Science Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | March 30, 2022 |
| Acceptance Date | February 15, 2022 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2022 |