Research Article
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Year 2020, , 79 - 85, 20.05.2020

Gökhan Gencer , Levent Özdemir , Öztürk Özdemir

https://doi.org/10.7197/cmj.vi.667750

Abstract

References

  • 1. Abou-Okeil A, El-Shafie A, El Zawahry MM. Ecofriendly laccase-hydrogen peroxide/ultrasound-assisted bleaching of linen fabrics and its influence on dyeing efficiency. Ultrason Sonochem. 2010 Feb;17(2):383–90.
  • 2. Abdel-Halim ES. An effective redox system for bleaching cotton cellulose. Carbohydr Polym. 2012 Sep 1;90(1):316–21.
  • 3. Fenech M. Biomarkers of genetic damage for cancer epidemiology. Toxicology. 2002 Dec 27;181–182:411–6.
  • 4. Wypych G. Handbook of solvents.
  • 5. Tucker JD, Auletta A, Cimino MC, Dearfield KL, Jacobson-Kram D, Tice RR, et al. Sister-chromatid exchange: second report of the Gene-Tox Program. Mutat Res. 1993 Sep;297(2):101–80.
  • 6. Hagmar L, Brøgger A, Hansteen IL, Heim S, Högstedt B, Knudsen L, et al. Cancer risk in humans predicted by increased levels of chromosomal aberrations in lymphocytes: Nordic study group on the health risk of chromosome damage. Cancer Res. 1994 Jun 1;54(11):2919–22.
  • 7. Heddle JA, Cimino MC, Hayashi M, Romagna F, Shelby MD, Tucker JD, et al. Micronuclei as an index of cytogenetic damage: past, present, and future. Environ Mol Mutagen. 1991;18(4):277–91.
  • 8. da Silva Augusto LG, Lieber SR, Ruiz MA, de Souza CA. Micronucleus monitoring to assess human occupational exposure to organochlorides. Environ Mol Mutagen. 1997;29(1):46–52.
  • 9. Costa C, Teixeira JP, Silva S, Roma-Torres J, Coelho P, Gaspar J, et al. Cytogenetic and molecular biomonitoring of a Portuguese population exposed to pesticides. Mutagenesis. 2006 Sep 15;21(5):343–50.
  • 10. Venegas W, Zapata I, Carbonell E, Marcos R. Micronuclei analysis in lymphocytes of pesticide sprayers from Concepción, Chile. Teratog, Carcinog Mutagen. 1998;18(3):123–9.
  • 11. Countryman PI, Heddle JA. The production of micronuclei from chromosome aberrations in irradiated cultures of human lymphocytes. Mutat Res. 1976 Dec;41(2–3):321–32.
  • 12. Fenech M, Morley AA. Measurement of micronuclei in lymphocytes. Mutat Res. 1985 Apr;147(1–2):29–36.
  • 13. Fenech M. Cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay evolves into a “cytome” assay of chromosomal instability, mitotic dysfunction and cell death. Mutat Res. 2006 Aug 30;600(1–2):58–66.
  • 14. Fenech M. The in vitro micronucleus technique. Mutat Res. 2000 Nov 20;455(1–2):81–95.
  • 15. Matsuno T, Jung SK, Matsumoto Y, Saito M, Morikawa J. Preferential cytotoxicity to tumor cells of 3,5-diprenyl-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (artepillin C) isolated from propolis. Anticancer Res. 1997 Oct;17(5A):3565–8.
  • 16. Erhan Eroğlu H, Ozkul Y, Tatlisen A, Silici S. Anticarcinogenic and antimitotic effects of Turkish propolis and mitomycin-C on tissue cultures of bladder cancer. Nat Prod Res. 2008;22(12):1060–6.
  • 17. Lovreglio P, Maffei F, Carrieri M, D’Errico MN, Drago I, Hrelia P, et al. Evaluation of chromosome aberration and micronucleus frequencies in blood lymphocytes of workers exposed to low concentrations of benzene. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen. 2014 Aug;770:55–60.
  • 18. White IN, Razvi N, Gibbs AH, Davies AM, Manno M, Zaccaro C, et al. Neoantigen formation and clastogenic action of HCFC-123 and perchloroethylene in human MCL-5 cells. Toxicol Lett. 2001 Oct 15;124(1–3):129–38.
  • 19. Yıldırım A, Yıldırım MS. Matbaa Sanayinde Çalışan İşçilerin Bukkal Mukoza Hücrelerinde Mikronükleus ve Binükleotid Sıklığının Belirlenmesi. Tıp Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2011;9(1):25–8.
  • 20. Coskun M, Coskun M, Cayir A, Ozdemir O. Frequencies of micronuclei (MNi), nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs), and nuclear buds (NBUDs) in farmers exposed to pesticides in Çanakkale, Turkey. Environ Int. 2011 Jan;37(1):93–6.
  • 21. Çavuşoğlu K, Yapar K, Yalçın E. Sigara İçenlerde Yanak Mukozası Epitel Hücrelerindeki Toksisitenin Belirlenmesi. Mersin Univ Saglık Bilim Derg. 2008;1(2).
  • 22. Bonassi S, Neri M, Lando C, Ceppi M, Lin Y, Chang WP, et al. Effect of smoking habit on the frequency of micronuclei in human lymphocytes: results from the Human MicroNucleus project. Mutat Res. 2003 Mar;543(2):155–66.
  • 23. Vaglenov AK, Karadjov AG. Micronucleus Frequencies in Bulgarian Control. CEJOEM. 1998 Nov 25;3(3).
  • 24. Richard F, Muleris M, Dutrillaux B. The frequency of micronuclei with X chromosome increases with age in human females. Mutat Res. 1994 Feb;316(1):1–7.
  • 25. De Méo M, Laget M, Castegnaro M, Duménil G. Genotoxic activity of potassium permanganate in acidic solutions. Mutat Res. 1991 Jul;260(3):295–306.
  • 26. Kaya FF, Topaktaş M. Genotoxic effects of potassium bromate on human peripheral lymphocytes in vitro. Mutat Res. 2007 Jan 10;626(1–2):48–52.
  • 27. Lima PDL, Vasconcellos MC, Bahia MO, Montenegro RC, Pessoa CO, Costa-Lotufo LV, et al. Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of manganese chloride in cultured human lymphocytes treated in different phases of cell cycle. Toxicol In Vitro. 2008 Jun;22(4):1032–7.
  • 28. Baron S, Moss C. Caustic burn caused by potassium permanganate. Arch Dis Child. 2003 Feb;88(2):96.
  • 29. Ong KL, Tan TH, Cheung WL. Potassium permanganate poisoning--a rare cause of fatal self poisoning. J Accid Emerg Med. 1997 Jan;14(1):43–5.

Detection of genotoxic effect of potassium permanganate by using in vitro micronucleus assay

Year 2020, , 79 - 85, 20.05.2020

Gökhan Gencer , Levent Özdemir , Öztürk Özdemir

https://doi.org/10.7197/cmj.vi.667750

Abstract

Objective: Hydrogen peroxide is a bleaching agent accepted as safe for environment and used for producing cotton fabrics. This process requires alkaline medium, stabilizer and high temperature. For this purpose, it is used extensively in the textile industry. Potassium permanganate is a widely used agent in our country as it is easier to obtain compared to other oxidizing agents. In this study, we investigated whether occupational exposure to potassium permanganate causes genotoxic effect or not.
Method: This cross-sectional study was carried out in a denim factory located in the Organized Industrial Zone in Sivas. The total number of employees was 600 in the factory including 50 workers in the office and 550 workers in the production department.
The study group was consisted of 32 healthy males, non-smokers, without chronic diseases and infections. They had been working at least 2 years in denim bleaching unit. The control group was consisted of 30 healthy male volunteers, at similar age, non-smokers, working in administrative or desk jobs in the same factory, with little or no risk of chemical exposure. Workers who had an infection in the last month and who were on medication were excluded from the study. In Vitro Micronucleus Test was used to determine the genotoxic effect of potassium permanganate. The venous blood samples taken from the workers and controls was cultured in laboratory conditions according to Fenech’s method with minor modifications. Evaluation of slides was carried out according to Fenech’s microscopic survey criteria at ×1000 magnification. The frequencies of the total number of micronuclei in the lymphocytes (MNL) and bi-nucleated cells with the micronuclei (BNMN) were determined. In addition, to determine the frequencies of nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs) and nuclear buds (NBUDs), 1000 nucleated cells with well-preserved cytoplasm were also evaluated. Student’s T-test was used for statistical evaluation. 
Results: When groups were compared, the micronucleus frequency was detected as about twice high in study group. Statistically significant difference was detected between the study and control group (p<0.05). The nuclear bud frequency was significantly higher in study groups than in controls (p<0.05). Although the number of nucleoplasmic bridges were higher in study group, this difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05).
Conclusions: Indicators of genotoxic effect were higher in the group with potassium permanganate exposure than the control group. High micronucleus and nuclear bud frequencies in the study group may be indicative of genotoxicity. It may be thought that clastogenic and mutagenic risk increases for employees.
Keywords: Potassium permanganate, micronucleus, nucleoplasmic bridge, nuclear bud, genotoxicity

Keywords

potassium permanganate micronucleus genotoxicity nuclear bridge nuclear bud

References

  • 1. Abou-Okeil A, El-Shafie A, El Zawahry MM. Ecofriendly laccase-hydrogen peroxide/ultrasound-assisted bleaching of linen fabrics and its influence on dyeing efficiency. Ultrason Sonochem. 2010 Feb;17(2):383–90.
  • 2. Abdel-Halim ES. An effective redox system for bleaching cotton cellulose. Carbohydr Polym. 2012 Sep 1;90(1):316–21.
  • 3. Fenech M. Biomarkers of genetic damage for cancer epidemiology. Toxicology. 2002 Dec 27;181–182:411–6.
  • 4. Wypych G. Handbook of solvents.
  • 5. Tucker JD, Auletta A, Cimino MC, Dearfield KL, Jacobson-Kram D, Tice RR, et al. Sister-chromatid exchange: second report of the Gene-Tox Program. Mutat Res. 1993 Sep;297(2):101–80.
  • 6. Hagmar L, Brøgger A, Hansteen IL, Heim S, Högstedt B, Knudsen L, et al. Cancer risk in humans predicted by increased levels of chromosomal aberrations in lymphocytes: Nordic study group on the health risk of chromosome damage. Cancer Res. 1994 Jun 1;54(11):2919–22.
  • 7. Heddle JA, Cimino MC, Hayashi M, Romagna F, Shelby MD, Tucker JD, et al. Micronuclei as an index of cytogenetic damage: past, present, and future. Environ Mol Mutagen. 1991;18(4):277–91.
  • 8. da Silva Augusto LG, Lieber SR, Ruiz MA, de Souza CA. Micronucleus monitoring to assess human occupational exposure to organochlorides. Environ Mol Mutagen. 1997;29(1):46–52.
  • 9. Costa C, Teixeira JP, Silva S, Roma-Torres J, Coelho P, Gaspar J, et al. Cytogenetic and molecular biomonitoring of a Portuguese population exposed to pesticides. Mutagenesis. 2006 Sep 15;21(5):343–50.
  • 10. Venegas W, Zapata I, Carbonell E, Marcos R. Micronuclei analysis in lymphocytes of pesticide sprayers from Concepción, Chile. Teratog, Carcinog Mutagen. 1998;18(3):123–9.
  • 11. Countryman PI, Heddle JA. The production of micronuclei from chromosome aberrations in irradiated cultures of human lymphocytes. Mutat Res. 1976 Dec;41(2–3):321–32.
  • 12. Fenech M, Morley AA. Measurement of micronuclei in lymphocytes. Mutat Res. 1985 Apr;147(1–2):29–36.
  • 13. Fenech M. Cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay evolves into a “cytome” assay of chromosomal instability, mitotic dysfunction and cell death. Mutat Res. 2006 Aug 30;600(1–2):58–66.
  • 14. Fenech M. The in vitro micronucleus technique. Mutat Res. 2000 Nov 20;455(1–2):81–95.
  • 15. Matsuno T, Jung SK, Matsumoto Y, Saito M, Morikawa J. Preferential cytotoxicity to tumor cells of 3,5-diprenyl-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (artepillin C) isolated from propolis. Anticancer Res. 1997 Oct;17(5A):3565–8.
  • 16. Erhan Eroğlu H, Ozkul Y, Tatlisen A, Silici S. Anticarcinogenic and antimitotic effects of Turkish propolis and mitomycin-C on tissue cultures of bladder cancer. Nat Prod Res. 2008;22(12):1060–6.
  • 17. Lovreglio P, Maffei F, Carrieri M, D’Errico MN, Drago I, Hrelia P, et al. Evaluation of chromosome aberration and micronucleus frequencies in blood lymphocytes of workers exposed to low concentrations of benzene. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen. 2014 Aug;770:55–60.
  • 18. White IN, Razvi N, Gibbs AH, Davies AM, Manno M, Zaccaro C, et al. Neoantigen formation and clastogenic action of HCFC-123 and perchloroethylene in human MCL-5 cells. Toxicol Lett. 2001 Oct 15;124(1–3):129–38.
  • 19. Yıldırım A, Yıldırım MS. Matbaa Sanayinde Çalışan İşçilerin Bukkal Mukoza Hücrelerinde Mikronükleus ve Binükleotid Sıklığının Belirlenmesi. Tıp Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2011;9(1):25–8.
  • 20. Coskun M, Coskun M, Cayir A, Ozdemir O. Frequencies of micronuclei (MNi), nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs), and nuclear buds (NBUDs) in farmers exposed to pesticides in Çanakkale, Turkey. Environ Int. 2011 Jan;37(1):93–6.
  • 21. Çavuşoğlu K, Yapar K, Yalçın E. Sigara İçenlerde Yanak Mukozası Epitel Hücrelerindeki Toksisitenin Belirlenmesi. Mersin Univ Saglık Bilim Derg. 2008;1(2).
  • 22. Bonassi S, Neri M, Lando C, Ceppi M, Lin Y, Chang WP, et al. Effect of smoking habit on the frequency of micronuclei in human lymphocytes: results from the Human MicroNucleus project. Mutat Res. 2003 Mar;543(2):155–66.
  • 23. Vaglenov AK, Karadjov AG. Micronucleus Frequencies in Bulgarian Control. CEJOEM. 1998 Nov 25;3(3).
  • 24. Richard F, Muleris M, Dutrillaux B. The frequency of micronuclei with X chromosome increases with age in human females. Mutat Res. 1994 Feb;316(1):1–7.
  • 25. De Méo M, Laget M, Castegnaro M, Duménil G. Genotoxic activity of potassium permanganate in acidic solutions. Mutat Res. 1991 Jul;260(3):295–306.
  • 26. Kaya FF, Topaktaş M. Genotoxic effects of potassium bromate on human peripheral lymphocytes in vitro. Mutat Res. 2007 Jan 10;626(1–2):48–52.
  • 27. Lima PDL, Vasconcellos MC, Bahia MO, Montenegro RC, Pessoa CO, Costa-Lotufo LV, et al. Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of manganese chloride in cultured human lymphocytes treated in different phases of cell cycle. Toxicol In Vitro. 2008 Jun;22(4):1032–7.
  • 28. Baron S, Moss C. Caustic burn caused by potassium permanganate. Arch Dis Child. 2003 Feb;88(2):96.
  • 29. Ong KL, Tan TH, Cheung WL. Potassium permanganate poisoning--a rare cause of fatal self poisoning. J Accid Emerg Med. 1997 Jan;14(1):43–5.
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Basic Science Research Articles
Authors

Gökhan Gencer 0000-0001-7727-5676

Levent Özdemir 0000-0002-4330-8334

Öztürk Özdemir 0000-0003-1057-3235

Publication Date May 20, 2020
Acceptance Date May 11, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020

Cite

AMA Gencer G, Özdemir L, Özdemir Ö. Detection of genotoxic effect of potassium permanganate by using in vitro micronucleus assay. CMJ. May 2020;42(1):79-85. doi:10.7197/cmj.vi.667750