2019 Novel Coronavirus in the light of current knowledges: Facts and unknowns

Aynur Engin

doi:10.7197/cmj.vi.715759

Review

Year 2020, , 100 - 111, 20.05.2020

Aynur Engin

https://doi.org/10.7197/cmj.vi.715759

Abstract

References

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6. Paules CI, Marston HD, Fauci AS. Coronavirus Infections-More Than Just the Common Cold. JAMA 2020 Jan 23. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.0757. [Epub ahead of print].
7. Lu R, Zhao X, Li J, et al. Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. Lancet 2020 Jan 30. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30251-8. [Epub ahead of print].
8. Wan Y, Shang J, Graham R, Baric RS, Li F. Receptor recognition by novel coronavirus from Wuhan: An analysis based on decade-long structural studies of SARS. J Virol 2020 Jan 29. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00127-20. [Epub ahead of print].
9. www. nature.com. Did pangolins spread the China coronavirus to people? Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-00364-2 (Accessed February 22, 2020).
10. World Health Organization. Summary of probable SARS cases with onset of illness from 1 November 2002 to 31 July 2003. Available from: https://www.who.int/csr/sars/country/table2004_04_21/en/ (Accessed February 14, 2020).
11. www.uptodate.com. Kenneth McIntosh (author). Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). (Accessed on February 24, 2020). Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-sars?search=Severe%20acute%20respiratory%20syndrome&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1
12. World Health Organization. MERS Global Summary and Assessment of Risk. July 2019. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/326126/WHO-MERS-RA-19.1-eng.pdf?ua=1 (Accessed February 22, 2020).
13. Li Q, Guan X, Wu P, et al. Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia. N Engl J Med 2020 Jan 29. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2001316. [Epub ahead of print].
14. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. How COVID-19 Spreads. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/transmission.html (Accessed February 18, 2020).
15. World Health Organization .Q&A on coronaviruses. https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses (Accessed February 18, 2020).
16. World Health Organization. Novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) situation report-11. 31 January 2020. https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200131-sitrep-11-ncov.pdf?sfvrsn=de7c0f7_4 (Accessed on February 22, 2020).
17. World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease (COVID-2019) situation reports. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports/ (Accessed February 22, 2020).
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19. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Geographic distribution of COVID-19. Available from: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/geographical-distribution-2019-ncov-cases (Accessed on February 24, 2020).
20. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Situation update for the EU/EEA and the UK. https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/cases-2019-ncov-eueea (Accessed on February 24, 2020).
21. World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report-25. https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200214-sitrep-25-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=61dda7d_2 (Accessed on January 23, 2020).
22. Wikipedia. Li Wenliang. Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Wenliang (Accessed on January 23, 2020).
23. Xu XW, Wu XX, Jiang XG, et al. Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series. BMJ 2020 Feb 19; doi: 10.1136/bmj.m606.
24. Liu Y, Gayle AA, Wilder-Smith A, Rocklöv J. The reproductive number of COVID-19 is higher compared to SARS coronavirus. J Travel Med 2020 Feb 13. doi: 10.1093/jtm/taaa021. [Epub ahead of print].
25. World Health Organization. Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) technical guidance: Surveillance and case definitions. Global Surveillance for human infection with novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), Interim guidance, 31 January 2020. https://www.who.int/publications-detail/global-surveillance-for-human-infection-with-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov) (Accessed on February 20, 2020).
26. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC Tests for COVID-19. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/testing.html (Accessed on February 20, 2020).
27. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Case definition and European surveillance for human infection with novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/case-definition-and-european-surveillance-human-infection-novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov (Accessed on February 20, 2020).
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29. Arabi YM, Mandourah Y, Al-Hameed F, et al. Corticosteroid Therapy for Critically Ill Patients with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2018;197(6):757-767.
30. Wang M, Cao R, Zhang L, et al. Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro. Cell Res 2020 Feb 4. doi: 10.1038/s41422-020-0282-0.
31. Li H, Wang YM, Xu JY, Cao B. Potential antiviral therapeutics for 2019 Novel Coronavirus. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 2020 Feb 5; doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-0939.2020.0002. [Epub ahead of print] Chinese.
32. Sheahan TP, Sims AC, Leist SR, et al. Comparative therapeutic efficacy of remdesivir and combination lopinavir, ritonavir, and interferon beta against MERS-CoV. Nat Commun 2020 Jan 10;11(1):222.
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2019 Novel Coronavirus in the light of current knowledges: Facts and unknowns

Year 2020, , 100 - 111, 20.05.2020

Aynur Engin

https://doi.org/10.7197/cmj.vi.715759

Abstract

On 31 December 2019, a cluster of pneumonia cases of unknown aetiology was reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. Soon afterwards, China's scientists have defined a new coronavirus as the essential causative agent. The outbreak has quickly developed affecting other parts of China and outside the country. At the early period of outbreak the new virus called as 2019-nCoV. On February 12, 2020, the novel coronavirus has been renamed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The official name for the disease causing the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is now referred to as COVID-19. Cases have now been determined in a lot of countries in Asia, but also in Australia, Europe, North America, and Africa. A total of 78 811cases of COVID-19 infection were notified up until 23 February 2020 in the world. As of February 23, 2020, 77 042 confirmed cases and 2445 deaths have been reported in China. The clinical view of 2019-nCoV infection ranges from asymptomatic infection to severe pneumonia with acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock and multi-organ failure, that can outcome in death. There is no specific antiviral drug for treatment and an approved vaccine for COVID-19 yet.

Keywords

2019 novel CoV, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Wuhan

References

1. World Health Organization. Novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) situation report-1. 21 January 2020. https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200121-sitrep-1-2019-ncov.pdf?sfvrsn=20a99c10_4 (Accessed on February 15, 2020).
2. bioRxiv.org (homepage on the Internet) (The preprint server for biology). Available from: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.30.927871v2 (Accessed on February 16, 2020).
3. www.uptodate.com. Kenneth McIntosh (author). Coronaviruses. (Accessed on February 24, 2020). Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/coronaviruses?search=novel%20coronavirus&source=search_result&selectedTitle=3~19&usage_type=default&display_rank=3
4. The Turkish Ministry of Health, General Directorate of Public Health. 2019-nCoV Disease, Healthcare Professionals Guide. January 2020. (In Turkish: T. C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü. 2019-nCoV Hastalığı Sağlık Çalışanları Rehberi, Ocak 2020). https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/haberler/ncov/2019-nCov_Hastal_Salk_alanlar_Rehberi.pdf
5. Liu P, Chen W, Chen JP. Viral Metagenomics Revealed Sendai Virus and Coronavirus Infection of Malayan Pangolins (Manis javanica). Viruses 2019;11(11).
6. Paules CI, Marston HD, Fauci AS. Coronavirus Infections-More Than Just the Common Cold. JAMA 2020 Jan 23. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.0757. [Epub ahead of print].
7. Lu R, Zhao X, Li J, et al. Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. Lancet 2020 Jan 30. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30251-8. [Epub ahead of print].
8. Wan Y, Shang J, Graham R, Baric RS, Li F. Receptor recognition by novel coronavirus from Wuhan: An analysis based on decade-long structural studies of SARS. J Virol 2020 Jan 29. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00127-20. [Epub ahead of print].
9. www. nature.com. Did pangolins spread the China coronavirus to people? Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-00364-2 (Accessed February 22, 2020).
10. World Health Organization. Summary of probable SARS cases with onset of illness from 1 November 2002 to 31 July 2003. Available from: https://www.who.int/csr/sars/country/table2004_04_21/en/ (Accessed February 14, 2020).
11. www.uptodate.com. Kenneth McIntosh (author). Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). (Accessed on February 24, 2020). Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-sars?search=Severe%20acute%20respiratory%20syndrome&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1
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13. Li Q, Guan X, Wu P, et al. Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia. N Engl J Med 2020 Jan 29. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2001316. [Epub ahead of print].
14. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. How COVID-19 Spreads. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/transmission.html (Accessed February 18, 2020).
15. World Health Organization .Q&A on coronaviruses. https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses (Accessed February 18, 2020).
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21. World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report-25. https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200214-sitrep-25-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=61dda7d_2 (Accessed on January 23, 2020).
22. Wikipedia. Li Wenliang. Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Wenliang (Accessed on January 23, 2020).
23. Xu XW, Wu XX, Jiang XG, et al. Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series. BMJ 2020 Feb 19; doi: 10.1136/bmj.m606.
24. Liu Y, Gayle AA, Wilder-Smith A, Rocklöv J. The reproductive number of COVID-19 is higher compared to SARS coronavirus. J Travel Med 2020 Feb 13. doi: 10.1093/jtm/taaa021. [Epub ahead of print].
25. World Health Organization. Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) technical guidance: Surveillance and case definitions. Global Surveillance for human infection with novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), Interim guidance, 31 January 2020. https://www.who.int/publications-detail/global-surveillance-for-human-infection-with-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov) (Accessed on February 20, 2020).
26. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC Tests for COVID-19. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/testing.html (Accessed on February 20, 2020).
27. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Case definition and European surveillance for human infection with novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/case-definition-and-european-surveillance-human-infection-novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov (Accessed on February 20, 2020).
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29. Arabi YM, Mandourah Y, Al-Hameed F, et al. Corticosteroid Therapy for Critically Ill Patients with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2018;197(6):757-767.
30. Wang M, Cao R, Zhang L, et al. Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro. Cell Res 2020 Feb 4. doi: 10.1038/s41422-020-0282-0.
31. Li H, Wang YM, Xu JY, Cao B. Potential antiviral therapeutics for 2019 Novel Coronavirus. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 2020 Feb 5; doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-0939.2020.0002. [Epub ahead of print] Chinese.
32. Sheahan TP, Sims AC, Leist SR, et al. Comparative therapeutic efficacy of remdesivir and combination lopinavir, ritonavir, and interferon beta against MERS-CoV. Nat Commun 2020 Jan 10;11(1):222.
33. World Health Organization. Infection prevention and control during health care when novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection is suspected. Interim guidance, 25 January 2020. https://www.who.int/publications-detail/infection-prevention-and-control-during-health-care-when-novel-coronavirus-(ncov)-infection-is-suspected-20200125 (Accessed on January 23, 2020).
34. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. ECDC Technical Report, Infection prevention and control for the care of patients with 2019-nCoV in healthcare settings. February 2020. Available from: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/nove-coronavirus-infection-prevention-control-patients-healthcare-settings.pdf (Accessed on February 20, 2020).

There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	English
Subjects	Health Care Administration
Journal Section	Reviews
Authors	Aynur Engin 0000-0002-8533-8793
Publication Date	May 20, 2020
Acceptance Date	April 7, 2020
Published in Issue	Year 2020

Cite

AMA	Engin A. 2019 Novel Coronavirus in the light of current knowledges: Facts and unknowns. CMJ. May 2020;42(1):100-111. doi:10.7197/cmj.vi.715759

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