Glokom hastalarının depresyon ve anksiyete belirti düzeyleri ile başa çıkma tutumları

Özet

Amaç. Glokom genellikle ileri yaşlarda görülen, tedavi edilmezse körlükle sonuçlanan kronik bir hastalıktır. Bu çalışma glokom hastalarının depresyon ve anksiyete belirti düzeyleri ile başa çıkma tutumlarını değerlendirmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yöntemler. Kesitsel bir araştırma olarak planlanan çalışma Kasım 2007-Mayıs 2009 tarihleri arasında Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Uygulama ve Araştırma Hastanesi Göz Ana Bilim Dalı glokom birimine başvuran glokom hastalarında yapılmıştır. Çalışmaya 170 glokom hastasından 144’ü (%84,7) alınmıştır. Kontrol grubu olarak, kronik hastalıklar nedeniyle diğer polikliniklerde takip edilen 152 hasta alınmıştır. Veriler anket yöntemi ile toplanmıştır. Ankette hastaların sosyodemografik özelliklerini, glokom hastalığı ile ilgili bilgileri ve psikolojik durumunu değerlendiren sorular sorulmuştur. Psikolojik değerlendirmede, Beck Depresyon Ölçeği (BDÖ), Durumluk ve Sürekli Kaygı Ölçeği (STAI-I, STAI-II) ve Başa Çıkma Tutumlarını Değerlendirme Ölçeği (BÇTDÖ) kullanılmıştır. Bulgular. Çalışma grubu ile kontrol grubunun BDÖ, STAI-I ve STAI-II puan ortalamaları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark tespit edilmiştir (p<0,05). Çalışmaya katılan hastalarda kesme puanı üzerinde grubunda depresyon belirtileri görülme düzeyi %45,8, kontrol grubunda %38,5’dir. Çalışma ve kontrol grubundaki kadın hastaların depresyon puan ortalamaları erkek hastalara göre anlamlı düzeyde yüksek bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Çalışmada her iki grubun en sık duygusal odaklı başa çıkma tutumlarını kullandıkları saptanmıştır. Duygusal başa çıkma yöntemlerinden ilk sırayı dini olarak başa çıkma, ikinci sırayı pozitif yeniden yorumlama ve gelişme yöntemi almıştır. Üçüncü olarak sorun odaklı başa çıkma yöntemlerinden çalışma grubunda aktif başa çıkma, kontrol grubunda yararlı sosyal destek kullanma yöntemi takip etmiştir. Gruplar arasında inkar dışında diğer baş etme yöntemleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark tespit edilmiştir (p<0,05). Sonuç. Glokom hastalarında depresyon ve anksiyete oldukça sık görülen ruhsal hastalıklardandır. Bu nedenle hasta grubunun düzenli göz muayeneleri ile birlikte psikiyatrik değerlendirmeye ve tedaviye alınması gerekmektedir.

Anahtar sözcükler: Glokom, depresyon, anksiyete, başa çıkma tutumu

 

Abstract

Aim. Glaucoma is usually seen in older age, resulting in a chronic disease leading to blindness if not treated. This study was performed to evaluate depression and anxiety symptoms levels as well as coping strategy in glaucoma patients. Methods. This study, which was a descriptive cross-sectional research, was performed with 144 glaucoma patients out of 170 who were admitted to Cumhuriyet School of Medicine, Department of Practice and Research Hospital eye unit between November 2007 and May 2009. As a control group, 152 patients whose were admitted to other out patients clinics with different chronic disorders were taken. The data were collected by questionnaire method. Questions were asked to determine the demographic profile and psychological status of the patients as well as their knowledge about glaucoma. Beck Depression Inventory and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory I-II (STAI-I, STAI-II) and Coping Strategies with Stress Inventory (COPE) were used for psychological evaluation. Results. There was a statistically significant difference between study and control group in terms of BDI, STAI-I and STAI-II mean points (p<0.05). In patients of study group, incidence of depression symptoms over the cut point was 45.8% while it was 38.5% in the control group. In both groups, avarage depression points of women patients were found to be significantly higher compared to male patients (p<0.05). The most frequent overcoming methods in the study group were overcome religiously, positive reevaluation and progress, active overcoming, respectively. In control group, it was overcome religiously, positive reevaluation and progress, and getting social support. It has been found that emotional-focused coping was the most used method in both groups. Within the emotional coping methods, relegious coping was in the first place and positive interpretation and development was in the second place. In the third place, as problem focused coping methods, it was active coping in the study group whereas it was beneficial social support in the control group. In terms of overcoming methods, there was statistically significant difference between groups except denial (p<0.05). Conclusion. Glaucoma commonly causes depression and anxiety in patients. Therefore, during regular eye examinations of glaucoma patients, psychiatric evaluation and treatment should be performed.

Keywords: Glaucoma, depression, anxiety, coping strategie

Aim. Glaucoma is usually seen in older age, resulting in a chronic disease leading to blindness if not treated. This study was performed to evaluate depression and anxiety symptoms levels as well as coping strategy in glaucoma patients. Methods. This study, which was a descriptive crosssectional research, was performed with 144 glaucoma patients out of 170 who were admitted to Cumhuriyet School of Medicine, Department of Practice and Research Hospital eye unit between November 2007 and May 2009. As a control group, 152 patients whose were admitted to other out patients clinics with different chronic disorders were taken. The data were collected by questionnaire method. Questions were asked to determine the demographic profile and psychological status of the patients as well as their knowledge about glaucoma. Beck Depression Inventory and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory I-II (STAI-I, STAI-II) and Coping Strategies with Stress Inventory (COPE) were used for psychological evaluation. Results. There was a statistically significant difference between study and control group in terms of BDI, STAI-I and STAI-II mean points (p<0.05). In patients of study group, incidence of depression symptoms over the cut point was 45.8% while it was 38.5% in the control group. In both groups, avarage depression points of women patients were found to be significantly higher compared to male patients (p<0.05). The most frequent overcoming methods in the study group were overcome religiously, positive reevaluation and progress, active overcoming, respectively. In control group, it was overcome religiously, positive reevaluation and progress, and getting social support. It has been found that emotional-focused coping was the most used method in both groups. Within the emotional coping methods, relegious coping was in the first place and positive interpretation and development was in the second place. In the third place, as problem focused coping methods, it was active coping in the study group whereas it was beneficial social support in the control group. In terms of overcoming methods, there was statistically significant difference between groups except denial (p<0.05). Conclusion. Glaucoma commonly causes depression and anxiety in patients. Therefore, during regular eye examinations of glaucoma patients, psychiatric evaluation and treatment should be performed.