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Year 2013, Volume: 35 Issue: 1, 55 - 65, 22.03.2013

Abstract

Aim. Endothelial progenitor cells repair related region by removal of damaged endothelial cells mechanically or replacing endothelial cells via migration from bone marrow to peripheric blood pool with stimulus of cytokines. Previously, it has been shown that number of these cells decrease in chronic stage of stable coronary heart disease, whereas they increase in number in acute coronary syndromes. The aim of this study is to investigate the difference in the number of endothelial progenitor cells among subgroups of acute coronary syndrome (ST elevation myocardial infarction, non-ST elevation myocardial infarction and unstable angina pectoris ) in patients hospitalized in coronary intensive care unit. Method. The study data were analysed in two steps. In the first step, it has been investigated whether there were any differences regarding endothelial progenitor cell count among three subgroups of acute coronary syndrome (n=112). In the second step, a further 13 patients who were hospitalized with a prediagnosis of unstabil angina pectoris and subsequently reported to have normal echocardiography and coronary angiography were also enrolled. The patients were divided into two groups; the patients with unstabil angina pectoris of whom no increase in cardiac enzymes detected indicating the absence of any cardiac damage and patients with normal coronary angiography findings constituted the first group (Grup A, n=41) and the patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction of whom an increase in cardiac enzymes detected indicating a documented cardiac damage constituted the second group (Grup B, n=84). We investigated whether there were any differences regarding endothelial progenitor cell count between these two groups. Results. Our results indicate that the number of endothelial progenitor cells did not differ significantly among these three groups in the first step (3.87 ± 2.74, 5.46 ± 6.38 and 3.95 ± 2.94, respectively; p=0.232). The results of the statistical analysis also revealed no differences between Grup A and Grup B regarding EPC counts (3.89 ± 2.81 vs 4.80 ± 5.22; p=0.302). Conclusion. In the light of these data, in coronary heart disease in which resistance to treatment is a topical problem despite improvements in therapeutic modalities, further clinical studies are needed about the number and the functions of these cells in the bone marrow and peripheric blood, their effects on target tissues and the factors regulating them, for theurapeutic use of these cells.

References

  • Hennekens CH. Risk factors for coronary heart disease in women. Cardiol Clin 1998; 16: 1-8.
  • Onat A, Sansoy V, Soydan İ, Tokgözoğlu L, Adalet K. TEKHARF Oniki yıllık izlenimlerine göre Türk eriskinlerinde kalp sağlıgı. Argos iletisim hizmetleri reklamcılık ve ticaret AŞ. Temmuz İstanbul-2003.
  • Sans S, Kesteloot H, Kromhout D. The burden of cardiovascular diseases mortality in Europe. Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology on Cardiovascular Mortality and Morbidity Statistics in Europe. Eur Heart J 1997; 18: 1231-48.
  • Ross R, Glomset J, Harker L. Response to injury and atherogenesis. Am J Pathol 1977; 86: 675-84.
  • Gulati R, Jevremovic D, Peterson TE, Witt TA, Kleppe LS, Mueske CS, Lerman A, Vile RG, Simari RD. Autologous culture-modified mononuclear cells confer vascular protection after arterial injury. Circulation 2003; 108: 1520-6.
  • He T, Smith LA, Harrington S, Nath KA, Caplice NM, Katusic ZS. Transplantation of circulating endothelial progenitor cells restores endothelial function of denuded rabbit carotid arteries. Stroke 2004; 35: 2378-84.
  • Rauscher FM, Goldschmidt-Clermont PJ, Davis BH, Wang T, Gregg D, Ramaswami P, Pippen AM, Annex BH, Dong C, Taylor DA. Aging, progenitor cell exhaustion, and atherosclerosis. Circulation 2003; 108: 457-63.
  • Wassmann S, Werner N, Czech T, Nickenig G. Improvement of endothelial function by systemic transfusion of vascular progenitor cells. Circ Res 2006; 99: e74Vasa M, Fichtlscherer S, Aicher A, Adler K, Urbich C, Martin H, Zeiher AM, Dimmeler S. Number and migratory activity of circulating endothelial progenitor cells inversely correlate with risk factors for coronary artery disease. Circ Res 2001; 89: E1-E7.
  • Fadini GP, Coracina A, Baesso I, Agostini C, Tiengo A, Avogaro A, de Kreutzenberg SV. Peripheral blood CD34+KDR+ endothelial progenitor cells are determinants of subclinical atherosclerosis in a middle-aged general population. Stroke 2006; 37: 2277-82.
  • Zhu S, Liu X, Li Y, Goldschmidt-Clermont PJ, Dong C. Aging in the Atherosclerosis Milieu May Accelerate the Consumption of Bone Marrow Endothelial Progenitor Cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2007; 27: 113-9.
  • Thijssen DH, Vos JB, Verseyden C, van Zonneveld AJ, Smits P, Sweep FC, Hopman MT, de Boer HC. Haematopoietic stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells in healthy men: effect of aging and training. Aging Cell 2006; 5: 495-503.
  • Daub K, Langer H, Seizer P, Stellos K, May AE, Goyal P, Bigalke B, Schönberger T, Geisler T, Siegel-Axel D, Oostendorp RA, Lindemann S, Gawaz M. Platelets induce differentiation of human CD34+ progenitor cells into foam cells and endothelial cells. FASEB J 2006; 20: 2559-61.
  • Nonaka-Sarukawa M, Yamamoto K, Aoki H, Nishimura Y, Tomizawa H, Ichida M, Eizawa T, Muroi K, Ikeda U, Shimada K. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells in congestive heart failure. Int J Cardiol 2007; 119: 344-8.
  • Güven H, Shepherd RM, Bach RG, Capoccia BJ, Link DC. The number of endothelial progenitor cell colonies in the blood is increased in patients with angiographically significant coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006; 48: 1579Boos CJ, Lip GY, Blann AD. Circulating endothelial cells in cardiovascular disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006; 48: 1538-47.
  • Hill JM, Zalos G, Halcox JP, Schenke WH, Waclawiw MA, Quyyumi AA, Finkel T. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells, vascular function, and cardiovascular risk. N Engl J Med 2003; 348: 593-600.
  • Körbling M, Reuben JM, Gao H, Lee BN, Harris DM, Cogdell D, Giralt SA, Khouri IF, Saliba RM, Champlin RE, Zhang W, Estrov Z. Recombinant human granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor-mobilized and apheresis-collected endothelial progenitor cells: a novel blood cell component for therapeutic vasculogenesis. Transfusion 2006; 46: 1795-802.
  • Gensini GG. A more meaningful scoring system for determining the severity of coronary heart disease. Am J Cardiol 1983; 51: 606.
  • Chen JZ, Zhang FR, Tao QM, Wang XX, Zhu JH, Zhu JH. Number and activity of endothelial progenitor cells from peripheral blood in patients with hypercholesterolaemia. Clin Sci 2004; 107: 273-80.
  • Chen YH, Lin SJ, Lin FY, Wu TC, Tsao CR, Huang PH, Liu PL, Chen YL, Chen JW. High glucose impairs early and late endothelial progenitor cells by modifying nitric oxide-related but not oxidative stress-mediated mechanisms. Diabetes 2007; 56: 1559-68.
  • Imanishi T, Hano T, Nishio I. Angiotensin II potentiates vascular endothelial growth factor-induced proliferation and network formation of endothelial progenitor cells. Hypertens Res 2004; 27: 101-8.
  • Kondo T, Hayashi M, Takeshita K, Numaguchi Y, Kobayashi K, Iino S, Inden Y, Murohara T. Smoking cessation rapidly increases circulating progenitor cells in peripheral blood in chronic smokers. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2004; 24: 1442Kränkel N, Adams V, Linke A, Gielen S, Erbs S, Lenk K, Schuler G, Hambrecht R. Hyperglycemia reduces survival and impairs function of circulating bloodderived progenitor cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2005; 25: 698-703.
  • Laufs U, Wassmann S, Czech T, Münzel T, Eisenhauer M, Böhm M, Nickenig G. Physical inactivity increases oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2005; 25: 809-14.
  • Loomans CJ, de Koning EJ, Staal FJ, Rookmaaker MB, Verseyden C, de Boer HC, Verhaar MC, Braam B, Rabelink TJ, van Zonneveld AJ. Endothelial progenitor cell dysfunction: a novel concept in the pathogenesis of vascular complications of type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 2004; 53: 195-9.
  • Scheubel RJ, Zorn H, Silber RE, Kuss O, Morawietz H, Holtz J, Simm A. Agedependent depression in circulating endothelial progenitor cells in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003; 42: 2073Tepper OM, Galiano RD, Capla JM, Kalka C, Gagne PJ, Jacobowitz GR, Levine JP, Gurtner GC. Human endothelial progenitor cells from type II diabetics exhibit impaired proliferation, adhesion, and incorporation into vascular structures. Circulation 2002; 106: 2781-6.
  • Wang X, Zhu J, Chen J, Shang Y. Effects of nicotine on the number and activity of circulating endothelial progenitor cells. J Clin Pharmacol 2004; 44: 881-9.
  • Van Craenenbroeck EM, Vrints CJ, Haine SE, Vermeulen K, Goovaerts I, Van Tendeloo VF, Hoymans VY, Conraads VM. A maximal exercise bout increases the number of circulating CD34+/KDR+ endothelial progenitor cells in healthy subjects. Relation with lipid profile. J Appl Physiol 2008; 104: 1006-13.
  • Rehman J, Li J, Parvathaneni L, Karlsson G, Panchal VR, Temm CJ, Mahenthiran J, March KL. Exercise acutely increases circulating endothelial progenitor cells and monocyte-/macrophage-derived angiogenic cells. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004; 43: 2314-8.
  • Steiner S, Niessner A, Ziegler S, Richter B, Seidinger D, Pleiner J, Penka M, Wolzt M, Huber K, Wojta J, Minar E, Kopp CW. Endurance training increases the number of endothelial progenitor cells in patients with cardiovascular risk and coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis 2005; 181: 305-10.
  • Heeschen C, Lehmann R, Honold J, Assmus B, Aicher A, Walter DH, Martin H, Zeiher AM, Dimmeler S. Profoundly reduced neovascularization capacity of bone marrow mononuclear cells derived from patients with chronic ischemic heart disease. Circulation 2004; 109: 1615-22.
  • Massa M, Rosti V, Ferrario M, Campanelli R, Ramajoli I, Rosso R, De Ferrari GM, Ferlini M, Goffredo L, Bertoletti A, Klersy C, Pecci A, Moratti R, Tavazzi L. Increased circulating hematopoietic and endothelial progenitor cells in the early phase of acute myocardial infarction. Blood 2005; 105: 199-206.
  • George J, Goldstein E, Abashidze S, Deutsch V, Shmilovich H, Finkelstein A, Herz I, Miller H, Keren G. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells in patients with unstable angina: association with systemic inflammation. Eur Heart J 2004; 25: 1003-8.
  • Dimmeler S, Aicher A, Vasa M, Mildner-Rihm C, Adler K, Tiemann M, Rütten H, Fichtlscherer S, Martin H, Zeiher AM. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) increase endothelial progenitor cells via the PI 3-kinase/Akt pathway. J Clin Invest 2001; 108: 391-7.
  • Iwakura A, Luedemann C, Shastry S, Hanley A, Kearney M, Aikawa R, Isner JM, Asahara T, Losordo DW. Estrogen-mediated, endothelial nitric oxide synthase-dependent mobilization of bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells contributes to reendothelialization after arterial injury. Circulation 2003; 108: 3115-21.
  • Pellegatta F, Bragheri M, Grigore L, Raselli S, Maggi FM, Brambilla C, Reduzzi A, Pirillo A, Norata GD, Catapano AL. In vitro isolation of circulating endothelial progenitor cells is related to the high density lipoprotein plasma levels. Int J Mol Med 2006; 17: 203-8.
  • Strehlow K, Werner N, Berweiler J, Link A, Dirnagl U, Priller J, Laufs K, Ghaeni L, Milosevic M, Böhm M, Nickenig G. Estrogen increases bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cell production and diminishes neointima formation. Circulation 2003; 107: 3059-65.
  • Vasa M, Fichtlscherer S, Adler K, Aicher A, Martin H, Zeiher AM, Dimmeler S. Increase in circulating endothelial progenitor cells by statin therapy in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Circulation 2001; 103: 2885-90.
  • Walter DH, Rittig K, Bahlmann FH, Kirchmair R, Silver M, Murayama T, Nishimura H, Losordo DW, Asahara T, Isner JM. Statin therapy accelerates reendothelialization: a novel effect involving mobilization and incorporation of bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells. Circulation 2002; 105: 3017Werner N, Priller J, Laufs U, Endres M, Böhm M, Dirnagl U, Nickenig G. Bone marrow-derived progenitor cells modulate vascular reendothelialization and neointimal formation: Effect of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase inhibition. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2002; 22: 1567-72.
  • Bahlmann FH, de Groot K, Mueller O, Hertel B, Haller H, Fliser D. Stimulation of endothelial progenitor cells: a new putative therapeutic effect of angiotensin II receptor antagonists. Hypertension 2005; 45: 526-9.

Akut koroner sendromlu hastalarda endotelyal progenitör hücre sayımı

Year 2013, Volume: 35 Issue: 1, 55 - 65, 22.03.2013

Abstract

Özet

Amaç. Endotelyal progenitör hücreler mekanik olarak endotel hücrelerinin hasarlanarak uzaklaştırılması ile ya da sitokinlerin uyarımı ile kemik iliğinden periferik kana göç ederek hasar bölgesindeki endotel hücrelerinin yerine geçerek ilgili alanı onarmaktadırlar. Daha önce bu hücrelerin stabil koroner arter hastalarında kronik süreçte azaldığı, akut koroner sendrom hastalarında ise sayıca arttığı gösterilmişti. Bu çalışmanın amacı akut koroner sendrom tanısı ile koroner yoğun bakım ünitesine yatırılan hastalarda hastalığın alt grupları arasında (ST elevasyonlu miyokard infarktüsü, ST elevasyonlu olmayan miyokard infarktüsü ve anstabil angina pektoris ) endotelyal progenitor hücre sayıları bakımından fark olup olmadığının incelenmesidir. Yöntem. Çalışma verileri iki aşamada analiz edildi. İlk aşamada akut koroner sendrom sınıflamasında yer alan üç alt grup (n=112) arasında endotelyal progenitor hücre sayıları arasında fark olup olmadığı araştırıldı. Analizin ikinci aşamasında ise unstabil angına pektoris ön tanısı ile hospitalize edilen fakat enzim yüksekliği olmayan, koroner anjiografi ve ekokardiyografileri normal olarak saptanan 13 hasta daha değerlendirmeye alındı. Hastalar, enzim yüksekliği saptanmayan yani kardiyak hasarın olmadığı unstabil angına pektoris hastaları ve koroner anjiografide normal koroner arterlerin saptandığı hastalar bir grup (Grup A, n=41), kardiyak enzim yüksekliği saptanan yani kardiyak hasarın dökümente olduğu, ST elevasyonlu miyokard enfarktüsü ve ST elevasyonsuz miyokard enfarktüsü hastaları diğer bir grup (Grup B, n=84) olmak üzere iki gruba ayrıldı ve bu iki grup arasında endotelyal progenitor hücreler sayıları açısından fark olup olmadığına bakıldı. Bulgular. Çalışma bulgularımız iç grup arasında arasında endotelyal progenitor hücre sayısı açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık olmadığını göstermiştir (sırasıyla 3,87 ± 2,74, 5,46 ± 6,38 ve 3,95 ± 2,94, p=0,232). Yapılan istatistiksel analiz sonucunda Grup A ve Grup B arasında da endotelya progenitor hücre sayıları açısından anlamlı farklılık saptanmadı (3,89 ± 2,81’e karşılık 4,80 ± 5,22; p=0,302). Sonuç. Bu bilgiler ışığında, tedavi modalitelerindeki gelişmelere rağmen halen tedavi direnci sorununun gündemde olduğu koroner arter hastalığında bu hücrelerin terapötik yaklaşımlarda kullanılması için kemik iliğinde ve periferik kandaki sayı ve fonksiyonları, hedef dokudaki etkileri ve bu hücreleri etkileyen düzenleyici faktörler konusunda daha ileri klinik çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.

Anahtar sözcükler: Endotelyal progenitör hücre, akut koroner sendrom, ateroskleroz

 

Abstract

Aim. Endothelial progenitor cells repair related region by removal of damaged endothelial cells mechanically or replacing endothelial cells via migration from bone marrow to peripheric blood pool with stimulus of cytokines. Previously, it has been shown that number of these cells decrease in chronic stage of stable coronary heart disease, whereas they increase in number in acute coronary syndromes. The aim of this study is to investigate the difference in the number of endothelial progenitor cells among subgroups of acute coronary syndrome (ST elevation myocardial infarction, non-ST elevation myocardial infarction and unstable angina pectoris ) in patients hospitalized in coronary intensive care unit. Method. The study data were analysed in two steps. In the first step, it has been investigated whether there were any differences regarding endothelial progenitor cell count among three subgroups of acute coronary syndrome (n=112). In the second step, a further 13 patients who were hospitalized with a prediagnosis of unstabil angina pectoris and subsequently reported to have normal echocardiography and coronary angiography were also enrolled. The patients were divided into two groups; the patients with unstabil angina pectoris of whom no increase in cardiac enzymes detected indicating the absence of any cardiac damage and patients with normal coronary angiography findings constituted the first group (Grup A, n=41) and the patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction of whom an increase in cardiac enzymes detected indicating a documented cardiac damage constituted the second group (Grup B, n=84). We investigated whether there were any differences regarding endothelial progenitor cell count between these two groups. Results. Our results indicate that the number of endothelial progenitor cells did not differ significantly among these three groups in the first step (3.87 ± 2.74, 5.46 ± 6.38 and 3.95 ± 2.94, respectively; p=0.232). The results of the statistical analysis also revealed no differences between Grup A and Grup B regarding EPC counts (3.89 ± 2.81 vs 4.80 ± 5.22; p=0.302). Conclusion. In the light of these data, in coronary heart disease in which resistance to treatment is a topical problem despite improvements in therapeutic modalities, further clinical studies are needed about the number and the functions of these cells in the bone marrow and peripheric blood, their effects on target tissues and the factors regulating them, for theurapeutic use of these cells.

Keywords: Endothelial progenitor cell, acute coronary syndrome, atherosclerosis

References

  • Hennekens CH. Risk factors for coronary heart disease in women. Cardiol Clin 1998; 16: 1-8.
  • Onat A, Sansoy V, Soydan İ, Tokgözoğlu L, Adalet K. TEKHARF Oniki yıllık izlenimlerine göre Türk eriskinlerinde kalp sağlıgı. Argos iletisim hizmetleri reklamcılık ve ticaret AŞ. Temmuz İstanbul-2003.
  • Sans S, Kesteloot H, Kromhout D. The burden of cardiovascular diseases mortality in Europe. Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology on Cardiovascular Mortality and Morbidity Statistics in Europe. Eur Heart J 1997; 18: 1231-48.
  • Ross R, Glomset J, Harker L. Response to injury and atherogenesis. Am J Pathol 1977; 86: 675-84.
  • Gulati R, Jevremovic D, Peterson TE, Witt TA, Kleppe LS, Mueske CS, Lerman A, Vile RG, Simari RD. Autologous culture-modified mononuclear cells confer vascular protection after arterial injury. Circulation 2003; 108: 1520-6.
  • He T, Smith LA, Harrington S, Nath KA, Caplice NM, Katusic ZS. Transplantation of circulating endothelial progenitor cells restores endothelial function of denuded rabbit carotid arteries. Stroke 2004; 35: 2378-84.
  • Rauscher FM, Goldschmidt-Clermont PJ, Davis BH, Wang T, Gregg D, Ramaswami P, Pippen AM, Annex BH, Dong C, Taylor DA. Aging, progenitor cell exhaustion, and atherosclerosis. Circulation 2003; 108: 457-63.
  • Wassmann S, Werner N, Czech T, Nickenig G. Improvement of endothelial function by systemic transfusion of vascular progenitor cells. Circ Res 2006; 99: e74Vasa M, Fichtlscherer S, Aicher A, Adler K, Urbich C, Martin H, Zeiher AM, Dimmeler S. Number and migratory activity of circulating endothelial progenitor cells inversely correlate with risk factors for coronary artery disease. Circ Res 2001; 89: E1-E7.
  • Fadini GP, Coracina A, Baesso I, Agostini C, Tiengo A, Avogaro A, de Kreutzenberg SV. Peripheral blood CD34+KDR+ endothelial progenitor cells are determinants of subclinical atherosclerosis in a middle-aged general population. Stroke 2006; 37: 2277-82.
  • Zhu S, Liu X, Li Y, Goldschmidt-Clermont PJ, Dong C. Aging in the Atherosclerosis Milieu May Accelerate the Consumption of Bone Marrow Endothelial Progenitor Cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2007; 27: 113-9.
  • Thijssen DH, Vos JB, Verseyden C, van Zonneveld AJ, Smits P, Sweep FC, Hopman MT, de Boer HC. Haematopoietic stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells in healthy men: effect of aging and training. Aging Cell 2006; 5: 495-503.
  • Daub K, Langer H, Seizer P, Stellos K, May AE, Goyal P, Bigalke B, Schönberger T, Geisler T, Siegel-Axel D, Oostendorp RA, Lindemann S, Gawaz M. Platelets induce differentiation of human CD34+ progenitor cells into foam cells and endothelial cells. FASEB J 2006; 20: 2559-61.
  • Nonaka-Sarukawa M, Yamamoto K, Aoki H, Nishimura Y, Tomizawa H, Ichida M, Eizawa T, Muroi K, Ikeda U, Shimada K. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells in congestive heart failure. Int J Cardiol 2007; 119: 344-8.
  • Güven H, Shepherd RM, Bach RG, Capoccia BJ, Link DC. The number of endothelial progenitor cell colonies in the blood is increased in patients with angiographically significant coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006; 48: 1579Boos CJ, Lip GY, Blann AD. Circulating endothelial cells in cardiovascular disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006; 48: 1538-47.
  • Hill JM, Zalos G, Halcox JP, Schenke WH, Waclawiw MA, Quyyumi AA, Finkel T. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells, vascular function, and cardiovascular risk. N Engl J Med 2003; 348: 593-600.
  • Körbling M, Reuben JM, Gao H, Lee BN, Harris DM, Cogdell D, Giralt SA, Khouri IF, Saliba RM, Champlin RE, Zhang W, Estrov Z. Recombinant human granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor-mobilized and apheresis-collected endothelial progenitor cells: a novel blood cell component for therapeutic vasculogenesis. Transfusion 2006; 46: 1795-802.
  • Gensini GG. A more meaningful scoring system for determining the severity of coronary heart disease. Am J Cardiol 1983; 51: 606.
  • Chen JZ, Zhang FR, Tao QM, Wang XX, Zhu JH, Zhu JH. Number and activity of endothelial progenitor cells from peripheral blood in patients with hypercholesterolaemia. Clin Sci 2004; 107: 273-80.
  • Chen YH, Lin SJ, Lin FY, Wu TC, Tsao CR, Huang PH, Liu PL, Chen YL, Chen JW. High glucose impairs early and late endothelial progenitor cells by modifying nitric oxide-related but not oxidative stress-mediated mechanisms. Diabetes 2007; 56: 1559-68.
  • Imanishi T, Hano T, Nishio I. Angiotensin II potentiates vascular endothelial growth factor-induced proliferation and network formation of endothelial progenitor cells. Hypertens Res 2004; 27: 101-8.
  • Kondo T, Hayashi M, Takeshita K, Numaguchi Y, Kobayashi K, Iino S, Inden Y, Murohara T. Smoking cessation rapidly increases circulating progenitor cells in peripheral blood in chronic smokers. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2004; 24: 1442Kränkel N, Adams V, Linke A, Gielen S, Erbs S, Lenk K, Schuler G, Hambrecht R. Hyperglycemia reduces survival and impairs function of circulating bloodderived progenitor cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2005; 25: 698-703.
  • Laufs U, Wassmann S, Czech T, Münzel T, Eisenhauer M, Böhm M, Nickenig G. Physical inactivity increases oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2005; 25: 809-14.
  • Loomans CJ, de Koning EJ, Staal FJ, Rookmaaker MB, Verseyden C, de Boer HC, Verhaar MC, Braam B, Rabelink TJ, van Zonneveld AJ. Endothelial progenitor cell dysfunction: a novel concept in the pathogenesis of vascular complications of type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 2004; 53: 195-9.
  • Scheubel RJ, Zorn H, Silber RE, Kuss O, Morawietz H, Holtz J, Simm A. Agedependent depression in circulating endothelial progenitor cells in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003; 42: 2073Tepper OM, Galiano RD, Capla JM, Kalka C, Gagne PJ, Jacobowitz GR, Levine JP, Gurtner GC. Human endothelial progenitor cells from type II diabetics exhibit impaired proliferation, adhesion, and incorporation into vascular structures. Circulation 2002; 106: 2781-6.
  • Wang X, Zhu J, Chen J, Shang Y. Effects of nicotine on the number and activity of circulating endothelial progenitor cells. J Clin Pharmacol 2004; 44: 881-9.
  • Van Craenenbroeck EM, Vrints CJ, Haine SE, Vermeulen K, Goovaerts I, Van Tendeloo VF, Hoymans VY, Conraads VM. A maximal exercise bout increases the number of circulating CD34+/KDR+ endothelial progenitor cells in healthy subjects. Relation with lipid profile. J Appl Physiol 2008; 104: 1006-13.
  • Rehman J, Li J, Parvathaneni L, Karlsson G, Panchal VR, Temm CJ, Mahenthiran J, March KL. Exercise acutely increases circulating endothelial progenitor cells and monocyte-/macrophage-derived angiogenic cells. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004; 43: 2314-8.
  • Steiner S, Niessner A, Ziegler S, Richter B, Seidinger D, Pleiner J, Penka M, Wolzt M, Huber K, Wojta J, Minar E, Kopp CW. Endurance training increases the number of endothelial progenitor cells in patients with cardiovascular risk and coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis 2005; 181: 305-10.
  • Heeschen C, Lehmann R, Honold J, Assmus B, Aicher A, Walter DH, Martin H, Zeiher AM, Dimmeler S. Profoundly reduced neovascularization capacity of bone marrow mononuclear cells derived from patients with chronic ischemic heart disease. Circulation 2004; 109: 1615-22.
  • Massa M, Rosti V, Ferrario M, Campanelli R, Ramajoli I, Rosso R, De Ferrari GM, Ferlini M, Goffredo L, Bertoletti A, Klersy C, Pecci A, Moratti R, Tavazzi L. Increased circulating hematopoietic and endothelial progenitor cells in the early phase of acute myocardial infarction. Blood 2005; 105: 199-206.
  • George J, Goldstein E, Abashidze S, Deutsch V, Shmilovich H, Finkelstein A, Herz I, Miller H, Keren G. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells in patients with unstable angina: association with systemic inflammation. Eur Heart J 2004; 25: 1003-8.
  • Dimmeler S, Aicher A, Vasa M, Mildner-Rihm C, Adler K, Tiemann M, Rütten H, Fichtlscherer S, Martin H, Zeiher AM. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) increase endothelial progenitor cells via the PI 3-kinase/Akt pathway. J Clin Invest 2001; 108: 391-7.
  • Iwakura A, Luedemann C, Shastry S, Hanley A, Kearney M, Aikawa R, Isner JM, Asahara T, Losordo DW. Estrogen-mediated, endothelial nitric oxide synthase-dependent mobilization of bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells contributes to reendothelialization after arterial injury. Circulation 2003; 108: 3115-21.
  • Pellegatta F, Bragheri M, Grigore L, Raselli S, Maggi FM, Brambilla C, Reduzzi A, Pirillo A, Norata GD, Catapano AL. In vitro isolation of circulating endothelial progenitor cells is related to the high density lipoprotein plasma levels. Int J Mol Med 2006; 17: 203-8.
  • Strehlow K, Werner N, Berweiler J, Link A, Dirnagl U, Priller J, Laufs K, Ghaeni L, Milosevic M, Böhm M, Nickenig G. Estrogen increases bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cell production and diminishes neointima formation. Circulation 2003; 107: 3059-65.
  • Vasa M, Fichtlscherer S, Adler K, Aicher A, Martin H, Zeiher AM, Dimmeler S. Increase in circulating endothelial progenitor cells by statin therapy in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Circulation 2001; 103: 2885-90.
  • Walter DH, Rittig K, Bahlmann FH, Kirchmair R, Silver M, Murayama T, Nishimura H, Losordo DW, Asahara T, Isner JM. Statin therapy accelerates reendothelialization: a novel effect involving mobilization and incorporation of bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells. Circulation 2002; 105: 3017Werner N, Priller J, Laufs U, Endres M, Böhm M, Dirnagl U, Nickenig G. Bone marrow-derived progenitor cells modulate vascular reendothelialization and neointimal formation: Effect of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase inhibition. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2002; 22: 1567-72.
  • Bahlmann FH, de Groot K, Mueller O, Hertel B, Haller H, Fliser D. Stimulation of endothelial progenitor cells: a new putative therapeutic effect of angiotensin II receptor antagonists. Hypertension 2005; 45: 526-9.
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Medical Science Research Articles
Authors

Ahmet Karagöz

İbrahim Kocaoğlu

Özgül Uçar

Ender Örnek

Serkan Serdar

Emre Ertürk

Begüm Yetiş Sayın

Publication Date March 22, 2013
Published in Issue Year 2013Volume: 35 Issue: 1

Cite

AMA Karagöz A, Kocaoğlu İ, Uçar Ö, Örnek E, Serdar S, Ertürk E, Yetiş Sayın B. Akut koroner sendromlu hastalarda endotelyal progenitör hücre sayımı. CMJ. March 2013;35(1):55-65.