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Relations between entrapment neuropathies of the lower extremities and Body Mass Index

Year 2013, Volume: 35 Issue: 1, 76 - 82, 22.03.2013

Abstract

Abstract

Aims. Peroneal neuropathy, meralgia paresthetica and tarsal tunnel syndrome are the most common entrapment neuropathies of the lower extremities. Although, the effect of Body Mass Index on the entrapment neuropathies of the upper extremities, especially carpal tunnel syndrome, has been studied extensively, its effect on the entrapment neuropathies of the lower extremities, except meralgia paresthetica which is well known to be associated with obesity, is not well understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relations between Body Mass Index and the common entrapment neurophaties of the lower extremities. Methods. This retrospective study focused on 204 patients that were referred to our electrophysiology laboratory with a pre-diagnosis of peroneal neuropathy, meralgia paresthetica, and tarsal tunnel syndrome. Each group is separated into two subgroups consisting of patients with and without entrapment neuropathy. Age, sex, and Body Mass Index values are compared amongst the groups. In addition, all of the patients with a pre-diagnosis of entrapment neuropathy are further divided into two subgroups based on their Body Mass Index as ‘obese’ and ‘non-obese’ patients, and type and frequency of entrapment neuropathies are investigated. Results. The mean age of the patients pre-diagnosed with entrapment neuropathy was 42.61± 13.75. There were 97 men and 107 women. Of the 100 patients that were verified to have entrapment neuropathy, 39 were diagnosed with peroneal neuropathy, 39 with meralgia paresthetica and remaining 22 with tarsal tunnel syndrome. 93.8% of the ‘obese’ patients who admitted with the pre-diagnosis of meralgia paresthetica were confirmed to have this diagnosis. Body Mass Index values of the patients with verified meralgia paresthetica were significantly higher than those of the patients who were found not to have meralgia paresthetica. There were no significant differences regarding Body Mass Index values between the patients with and without peroneal neuropathy or tarsal tunnel syndrome. Conclusion. It is suggested that meralgia paresthetica is related to high Body Mass Index and obesity. Very limited number of the past studies mentioned associations between high Body Mass Index and tarsal tunnel syndrome, and weight loss and peroneal neuropathy. In this investigation, no significant association was found between obesity or emaciation and peroneal neuropathy or tarsal tunnel syndrome. In addition, the rate of meralgia paresthetica was higher in patients with advanced age, but there was no significant relationship between advancing age and peroneal neuropathy or tarsal tunnel syndrome in this study.

Keywords: Lower extremity, Body Mass Index, nerve compression syndromes

 

Özet

Amaç. Alt ekstremite tuzak nöropatileri arasında en sık olanlar peroneal nöropati, meralgia parestetica ve tarsal tünel sendromudur. Üst ekstremite tuzak nöropatilerinde özellikle karpal tünel sendromu ile Vücut Kitle İndeksi ilişkisi konusunda pek çok çalışma yapılmış olmasına rağmen alt ekstremitede obeziteyle ilişkisi iyi bilinen meralgia parestetica dışında diğer tuzak nöropatileri ve Vücut Kitle İndeksi ilişkisi belirgin bir şekilde ifade edilmemiştir. Bu çalışmada klinik pratikte sık karşımıza çıkan alt ekstremite tuzak nöropatileri ile Vücut Kitle İndeksi ilişkisini araştırmayı amaçladık. Yöntemler. Bu retrospektif çalışmada elektrofizyoloji laboratuvarımıza peroneal nöropati, meralgia parestetica ve tarsal tünel sendromu ön tanıları ile gönderilen 204 hasta incelendi. Her grup kendi içinde tuzak nöropatisi olan ve olmayanlar olarak ikiye ayrıldı. Yaş, cins ve Vücut Kitle İndeksi değerleri gruplar arasında karşılaştırıldı. Ayrıca tuzak nöropatisi öntanılı tüm hastalar Vücut Kitle İndekslerine göre 'obez' ve 'obez olmayan' şeklinde 2 gruba ayrıldı ve gruplarda tuzak nöropati tipleri ve sıklıkları araştırıldı. Bulgular. Tuzak nöropatisi ön-tanısı ile gelen hastaların yaş ortalamaları 42,61±13,75 idi. Bunların 97’si erkek, 107 tanesi kadındı. Toplam 204 hastanın 100'ünde tuzak nöropatisi saptandı. Bunların 39 tanesi peroneal nöropati, 39 tanesi meralgia parestetica, 22 tanesi ise tarsal tünel sendromu idi. 'Obez' grubun %93,8'inde meralgia parestetica ön tanısı teyit edildi. Meralgia parestetica tanısı alan hastaların Vücut Kitle İndeksi değerleri meralgia parestetica’si çıkmayan hastalardan anlamlı derecede daha yüksekti. peroneal nöropati, tarsal tünel sendromu saptanan ve saptanmayan hastalar arasında Vücut Kitle İndeksi değerleri açısından anlamlı bir fark saptanmadı. Sonuç. Meralgia parestetica, yüksek Vücut Kitle İndeksi ve obezite ile belirgin şekilde ilişkilidir. Az sayıda çalışmada tarsal tünel sendromu ile yüksek Vücut Kitle İndeksi birlikteliğinden ve peroneal nöropati ile kilo kaybı ilişkisinden bahsedilmiştir. Bizim çalışmamızda ise peroneal nöropati ve tarsal tünel sendromunun obezite ya da zayıflıkla belirgin ilişkisi saptanmamıştır. Ayrıca çalışmamızda meralgia parestetica oranı yaşla birlikte artış göstermekteydi, ancak bu çalışmada ileri yaş ile peroneal nöropati veya tarsal tünel sendromu arasında anlamlı ilişki saptanmadı.

Anahtar sözcükler: Alt ekstremite, Vücut Kitle İndeksi, sinir basısı sendromları

References

  • Beltran LS, Bencardino J, Ghazikhanian V, Beltran J. Entrapment neuropathies III: Lower limb. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2010; 14: 501-11.
  • Koppel HP, Thompson WA. Peripheral entrapment neuropathies of the lower extremity. N Eng J Med 1960; 262: 56-60.
  • Toussaint CP, Perry EC 3rd, Pisansky MT, Anderson DE. What's new in the diagnosis and treatment of peripheral nerve entrapment neuropathies. Neurologic Clinics 2010; 28: 979-1004.
  • McCluskey LF, Webb LB. Compression and entrapment neuropathies of the lower extremity. Clin Podiatr Med Surg 1999; 16: 97-125.
  • Atroshi I, Gummesson C, Johnsson R, Ornstein E, Ranstam J, Rosén I. Prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome in a general population. JAMA 1999; 282: 153Weyns FJ, Beckers F, Vanormelingen L, Vandersteen M, Niville E. Foot drop as a complication of weight loss after bariatric surgery: is it preventable? Obes surg 2007; 17: 1209-12.
  • Boz C, Ozmenoglu M, Altunayoglu V, Velioglu S, Alioglu Z. Individual risk factors for carpal tunnel syndrome: an evaluation of body mass index, wrist index and hand anthropometric measurements. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2004; 106: 294
  • Werner RA, Albers JW, Franzblau A, Armstrong TJ. The relationship between body mass index and the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome. Muscle Nerve 1994; 17: 632-6.
  • Becker J, Nora DB, Gomes I, Stringari FF, Seitensus R, Panosso JS, Ehlers JC. An evaluation of gender, obesity, age and diabetes mellitus as risk factors for carpal tunnel syndrome. Clin Neorophisiolog 2002; 113: 1429-34.
  • Kurt S, Kisacik B, Kaplan Y, Yildirim B, Etikan I, Karaer H. Obesity and carpal tunnel syndrome: is there a causal relationship? Eur Neurol 2008; 59: 253-7.
  • Moghtaderi A, Izadi S, Sharafadinzadeh N. An evaluation of gender, body mass index, wrist circumference and wrist ratio as independent risk factors for carpal tunnel syndrome. Acta Neurol Scand 2005; 112: 375-9.
  • Cutts S. Cubital tunnel syndrome. Postgrad Med J 2007; 83: 28-31.
  • Descatha A, Leclerc A, Chastang JF, Roquelaure Y; Study Group on Repetitive Work. Incidence of ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow in repetitive work. Scand J Work Environ Health 2004; 30: 234-40.
  • Ivins GK. Meralgia paresthetica, the elusive diagnosis: clinical experience with 14 adult patients. Ann Surg 2000; 232: 281-6.
  • Nouraei SA, Anand B, Spink G, O’neill KS. A novel approach to the diagnosis and management of meralgia paresthetica. Neurosurgery 2007; 60: 696-700.
  • Siu TL, Chandran KN. Neurolysis for meralgia paresthetica: an operative series of 45 cases. Surgical Neurology 2005; 63: 19-23.
  • Williams PH, Trzil KP. Management of meralgia paresthetica. J Neurosurg 1991; 74: 76-80.
  • Stuart JD, Morgan RF, Persing JA. Nerve compression syndromes of the lower extremity. Am Fam Physcian 1989; 40: 101-12.
  • Yalıman A. Causes of foot pains extra joints. T Klin J PM & R-Special Topics 2010; 3: 22-30.
  • Baima J, Krivickas L. Evaluation and treatment of peroneal neuropathy. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med 2008; 1: 147-53.
  • Cruz-Martinez A, Arpa J, Palau F. Peroneal neuropathy after weight loss. J Peripher Nerv Sys 2000; 5: 101-5.
  • Elias WJ, Pouratian N, Oskouian RJ, Schirmer B, Burns T. Peroneal neuropathy following successful bariatric surgery. Case report and review of the literature. J Neurosurg 2006; 105: 631-5.
  • Shahar E, Landau E, Genizi J. Adolescence peroneal neuropathy associated with rapid marked weight reduction: case report and literature review. Eur J Paediatr Neuorol 2007; 11: 50-4.
  • Aprile I, Caliandro P, Giannini F, Mondelli M, Tonali P, Foschini M, Padua L; Italian CTS and other entrapments Study Group. Italian multicentre study of peroneal mononeuropathy at the fibular head: study design and preliminary results. Acta Neurochir Suppl. 2005; 92: 63-8.
  • Ertekin C. Lumbosakral Pleksustan Çıkan Sinirler. Sentral ve Periferik EMG anatomi- fizyoloji- klinik. 1st ed. İzmir, Metabasım 2006; pp: 483-99.
  • Oh S J. Clinical Electromyography Nerve Conduction studies. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, Williams & Wilkins; 2003; pp: 216-48.
  • Cokluk C. Lower extremity entrapment neuropathies. T Klin J Neurosurg 2010; 3: 37-45.
  • Lutte I, Rhys C, Hubert C, Brion F, Boland B, Peeters A, Van Den Bergh P, Lambert M. Peroneal nerve palsy in anorexia nervosa. Acta Neurol Belg 1997; 97: 251-4.
  • Kershenbaum A, Jaffa T, Zeman A, Boniface S. Bilateral foot-drop in a patient with anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 1997; 22: 335-7.
  • Parisi TJ, Mandrekar J, Dyck PJ, Klein CJ. Meralgia paresthetica: Relation to obesity, advanced age, and diabetes mellitus. Neurology 2011; 77: 1538-42.
  • Macgregor AM, Thoburn EK. Meralgia paresthetica following bariatric surgery. Obes Surg 1999; 9: 364-8.
  • Mondelli M, Rossi S, Romano C. Body mass index in meralgia paresthetica: a case-control study. Acta Neurol Scand 2007; 116: 118-23.
  • Moucharafieh R, Wehbe J, Maalouf G. Meralgia paresthetica: a result of tight new trendy low cut trousers ('taille basse'). Int J Surg 2008; 6: 164-8.
  • Ay A, Sagırkaya Z, Yurtkuran M. A case with meralgia paresthetica. T Klin J PM&R 2004; 4: 21-4.
  • Cimino WR. Tarsal tunnel syndrome: review of the literature. Foot Ankle 1990: 11: 47-52.
  • Franson J, Baravarian B. Tarsal tunnel syndrome: A compression neuropathy involving four distinct tunnels. Clin Podiatr Med Surg 2006; 23: 597-609.
  • Lau JT, Daniels TR. Tarsal tunnel syndrome: a review of the literature. Foot Ankle Int 1999; 20: 201-9.
  • Low HL, Stephenson G. These boots weren't made for walking: tarsal tunnel syndrome. CMAJ 2007; 176: 1415-6.
  • Ak F, Ardıcoglu O, Nurlu G, Karaoglan B, Saka M, Ayhan Ardıc F. The electroneurophisiological findings in clinicaly suggested tarsal tunnel syndrome patients.T Klin J Med Sci 1996; 16: 148-51.
  • Cancilleri F, Ippolito M, Amato C, Denaro V. Tarsal tunnel syndrome: Four uncommon cases. Foot and Ankle Surgery 2007; 13: 214-7.
  • Lau JT, Stavrou P. Posterior tibial nerve--primary. Foot Ankle Clin 2004; 9: 2718

Original research-Orijinal araştırma

Year 2013, Volume: 35 Issue: 1, 76 - 82, 22.03.2013

Abstract

Amaç. Alt ekstremite tuzak nöropatileri arasında en sık olanlar peroneal nöropati, meralgia parestetica ve tarsal tünel sendromudur. Üst ekstremite tuzak nöropatilerinde özellikle karpal tünel sendromu ile Vücut Kitle İndeksi ilişkisi konusunda pek çok çalışma yapılmış olmasına rağmen alt ekstremitede obeziteyle ilişkisi iyi bilinen meralgia parestetica dışında diğer tuzak nöropatileri ve Vücut Kitle İndeksi ilişkisi belirgin bir şekilde ifade edilmemiştir. Bu çalışmada klinik pratikte sık karşımıza çıkan alt ekstremite tuzak nöropatileri ile Vücut Kitle İndeksi ilişkisini araştırmayı amaçladık. Yöntemler. Bu retrospektif çalışmada elektrofizyoloji laboratuvarımıza peroneal nöropati, meralgia parestetica ve tarsal tünel sendromu ön tanıları ile gönderilen 204 hasta incelendi. Her grup kendi içinde tuzak nöropatisi olan ve olmayanlar olarak ikiye ayrıldı. Yaş, cins ve Vücut Kitle İndeksi değerleri gruplar arasında karşılaştırıldı. Ayrıca tuzak nöropatisi öntanılı tüm hastalar Vücut Kitle İndekslerine göre 'obez' ve 'obez olmayan' şeklinde 2 gruba ayrıldı ve gruplarda tuzak nöropati tipleri ve sıklıkları araştırıldı. Bulgular. Tuzak nöropatisi ön-tanısı ile gelen hastaların yaş ortalamaları 42,61±13,75 idi. Bunların 97’si erkek, 107 tanesi kadındı. Toplam 204 hastanın 100'ünde tuzak nöropatisi saptandı. Bunların 39 tanesi peroneal nöropati, 39 tanesi meralgia parestetica, 22 tanesi ise tarsal tünel sendromu idi. 'Obez' grubun %93,8'inde meralgia parestetica ön tanısı teyit edildi. Meralgia parestetica tanısı alan hastaların Vücut Kitle İndeksi değerleri meralgia parestetica’si çıkmayan hastalardan anlamlı derecede daha yüksekti. peroneal nöropati, tarsal tünel sendromu saptanan ve saptanmayan hastalar arasında Vücut Kitle İndeksi değerleri açısından anlamlı bir fark saptanmadı. Sonuç. Meralgia parestetica, yüksek Vücut Kitle İndeksi ve obezite ile belirgin şekilde ilişkilidir. Az sayıda çalışmada tarsal tünel sendromu ile yüksek Vücut Kitle İndeksi birlikteliğinden ve peroneal nöropati ile kilo kaybı ilişkisinden bahsedilmiştir. Bizim çalışmamızda ise peroneal nöropati ve tarsal tünel sendromunun obezite ya da zayıflıkla belirgin ilişkisi saptanmamıştır. Ayrıca çalışmamızda meralgia parestetica oranı yaşla birlikte artış göstermekteydi, ancak bu çalışmada ileri yaş ile peroneal nöropati veya tarsal tünel sendromu arasında anlamlı ilişki saptanmadı.

References

  • Beltran LS, Bencardino J, Ghazikhanian V, Beltran J. Entrapment neuropathies III: Lower limb. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2010; 14: 501-11.
  • Koppel HP, Thompson WA. Peripheral entrapment neuropathies of the lower extremity. N Eng J Med 1960; 262: 56-60.
  • Toussaint CP, Perry EC 3rd, Pisansky MT, Anderson DE. What's new in the diagnosis and treatment of peripheral nerve entrapment neuropathies. Neurologic Clinics 2010; 28: 979-1004.
  • McCluskey LF, Webb LB. Compression and entrapment neuropathies of the lower extremity. Clin Podiatr Med Surg 1999; 16: 97-125.
  • Atroshi I, Gummesson C, Johnsson R, Ornstein E, Ranstam J, Rosén I. Prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome in a general population. JAMA 1999; 282: 153Weyns FJ, Beckers F, Vanormelingen L, Vandersteen M, Niville E. Foot drop as a complication of weight loss after bariatric surgery: is it preventable? Obes surg 2007; 17: 1209-12.
  • Boz C, Ozmenoglu M, Altunayoglu V, Velioglu S, Alioglu Z. Individual risk factors for carpal tunnel syndrome: an evaluation of body mass index, wrist index and hand anthropometric measurements. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2004; 106: 294
  • Werner RA, Albers JW, Franzblau A, Armstrong TJ. The relationship between body mass index and the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome. Muscle Nerve 1994; 17: 632-6.
  • Becker J, Nora DB, Gomes I, Stringari FF, Seitensus R, Panosso JS, Ehlers JC. An evaluation of gender, obesity, age and diabetes mellitus as risk factors for carpal tunnel syndrome. Clin Neorophisiolog 2002; 113: 1429-34.
  • Kurt S, Kisacik B, Kaplan Y, Yildirim B, Etikan I, Karaer H. Obesity and carpal tunnel syndrome: is there a causal relationship? Eur Neurol 2008; 59: 253-7.
  • Moghtaderi A, Izadi S, Sharafadinzadeh N. An evaluation of gender, body mass index, wrist circumference and wrist ratio as independent risk factors for carpal tunnel syndrome. Acta Neurol Scand 2005; 112: 375-9.
  • Cutts S. Cubital tunnel syndrome. Postgrad Med J 2007; 83: 28-31.
  • Descatha A, Leclerc A, Chastang JF, Roquelaure Y; Study Group on Repetitive Work. Incidence of ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow in repetitive work. Scand J Work Environ Health 2004; 30: 234-40.
  • Ivins GK. Meralgia paresthetica, the elusive diagnosis: clinical experience with 14 adult patients. Ann Surg 2000; 232: 281-6.
  • Nouraei SA, Anand B, Spink G, O’neill KS. A novel approach to the diagnosis and management of meralgia paresthetica. Neurosurgery 2007; 60: 696-700.
  • Siu TL, Chandran KN. Neurolysis for meralgia paresthetica: an operative series of 45 cases. Surgical Neurology 2005; 63: 19-23.
  • Williams PH, Trzil KP. Management of meralgia paresthetica. J Neurosurg 1991; 74: 76-80.
  • Stuart JD, Morgan RF, Persing JA. Nerve compression syndromes of the lower extremity. Am Fam Physcian 1989; 40: 101-12.
  • Yalıman A. Causes of foot pains extra joints. T Klin J PM & R-Special Topics 2010; 3: 22-30.
  • Baima J, Krivickas L. Evaluation and treatment of peroneal neuropathy. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med 2008; 1: 147-53.
  • Cruz-Martinez A, Arpa J, Palau F. Peroneal neuropathy after weight loss. J Peripher Nerv Sys 2000; 5: 101-5.
  • Elias WJ, Pouratian N, Oskouian RJ, Schirmer B, Burns T. Peroneal neuropathy following successful bariatric surgery. Case report and review of the literature. J Neurosurg 2006; 105: 631-5.
  • Shahar E, Landau E, Genizi J. Adolescence peroneal neuropathy associated with rapid marked weight reduction: case report and literature review. Eur J Paediatr Neuorol 2007; 11: 50-4.
  • Aprile I, Caliandro P, Giannini F, Mondelli M, Tonali P, Foschini M, Padua L; Italian CTS and other entrapments Study Group. Italian multicentre study of peroneal mononeuropathy at the fibular head: study design and preliminary results. Acta Neurochir Suppl. 2005; 92: 63-8.
  • Ertekin C. Lumbosakral Pleksustan Çıkan Sinirler. Sentral ve Periferik EMG anatomi- fizyoloji- klinik. 1st ed. İzmir, Metabasım 2006; pp: 483-99.
  • Oh S J. Clinical Electromyography Nerve Conduction studies. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, Williams & Wilkins; 2003; pp: 216-48.
  • Cokluk C. Lower extremity entrapment neuropathies. T Klin J Neurosurg 2010; 3: 37-45.
  • Lutte I, Rhys C, Hubert C, Brion F, Boland B, Peeters A, Van Den Bergh P, Lambert M. Peroneal nerve palsy in anorexia nervosa. Acta Neurol Belg 1997; 97: 251-4.
  • Kershenbaum A, Jaffa T, Zeman A, Boniface S. Bilateral foot-drop in a patient with anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 1997; 22: 335-7.
  • Parisi TJ, Mandrekar J, Dyck PJ, Klein CJ. Meralgia paresthetica: Relation to obesity, advanced age, and diabetes mellitus. Neurology 2011; 77: 1538-42.
  • Macgregor AM, Thoburn EK. Meralgia paresthetica following bariatric surgery. Obes Surg 1999; 9: 364-8.
  • Mondelli M, Rossi S, Romano C. Body mass index in meralgia paresthetica: a case-control study. Acta Neurol Scand 2007; 116: 118-23.
  • Moucharafieh R, Wehbe J, Maalouf G. Meralgia paresthetica: a result of tight new trendy low cut trousers ('taille basse'). Int J Surg 2008; 6: 164-8.
  • Ay A, Sagırkaya Z, Yurtkuran M. A case with meralgia paresthetica. T Klin J PM&R 2004; 4: 21-4.
  • Cimino WR. Tarsal tunnel syndrome: review of the literature. Foot Ankle 1990: 11: 47-52.
  • Franson J, Baravarian B. Tarsal tunnel syndrome: A compression neuropathy involving four distinct tunnels. Clin Podiatr Med Surg 2006; 23: 597-609.
  • Lau JT, Daniels TR. Tarsal tunnel syndrome: a review of the literature. Foot Ankle Int 1999; 20: 201-9.
  • Low HL, Stephenson G. These boots weren't made for walking: tarsal tunnel syndrome. CMAJ 2007; 176: 1415-6.
  • Ak F, Ardıcoglu O, Nurlu G, Karaoglan B, Saka M, Ayhan Ardıc F. The electroneurophisiological findings in clinicaly suggested tarsal tunnel syndrome patients.T Klin J Med Sci 1996; 16: 148-51.
  • Cancilleri F, Ippolito M, Amato C, Denaro V. Tarsal tunnel syndrome: Four uncommon cases. Foot and Ankle Surgery 2007; 13: 214-7.
  • Lau JT, Stavrou P. Posterior tibial nerve--primary. Foot Ankle Clin 2004; 9: 2718
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Medical Science Research Articles
Authors

Dürdane Aksoy

Hatice Karaer Ünaldı

Betül Çevik

Semiha Kurt

İlker Etikan

Publication Date March 22, 2013
Published in Issue Year 2013Volume: 35 Issue: 1

Cite

AMA Aksoy D, Karaer Ünaldı H, Çevik B, Kurt S, Etikan İ. Relations between entrapment neuropathies of the lower extremities and Body Mass Index. CMJ. March 2013;35(1):76-82.