Gebelerin stresle başa çıkma tarzlarının anksiyete ve depresyon düzeyi ile ilişkisi

Aim. To determine relationship between anxiety and depression level and coping styles with stress of pregnant women. Method. This study has been conducted in Sivas center between March and September 2013 in twelve districts which was selected by simple random sampling method in the form of home visits with 227 pregnant women. Data were collected by using Sociodemographic Personal Question Form, Ways of Coping with Stress Scale, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Results. Mean age of pregnant women was 27.4 ± 5.7. The mean scores CES-D of the pregnant women was 17.6 ± 10.1 , mean scores of BAI scores was 19.2 ± 10.1 . The risk of depression was found in 50.7% of pregnant women. Depression and anxiety levels of pregnant women was affected by working status, education level and perception of economic situation. In addition, the level of anxiety was also affected by having a chronic disease. It was determined that there is negative relationship between confident approach, optimistic approach, seeking for social support coping style and the risk of depression during pregnany. Also positive relationship was found between submissive and helpless coping style and risk of depression and anxiety level during pregnancy. Conclusion. Pregnant women who use confident approach, optimistic approach and seeking social support style to cope with stress are at a decreased risk for depression whereas risk of depression and anxiety are at an increased in pregnant women who use submissive and helpless style

Özet

Amaç. Gebelerin stresle başa çıkma tarzları ile anksiyete ve depresyon düzeyi arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemektir. Yöntem. Bu çalışma Mart ve Eylül 2013 tarihleri arasında Sivas merkezde basit rastgele örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilen 12 mahallede 227 gebe ile ev ziyareti şeklinde yapılmıştır. Veriler sosyo-demografik kişisel bilgi formu, Stresle Başa Çıkma Tarzları Ölçeği (SBTÖ), Epidemiyolojik Araştırmalar Merkezi Depresyon Skalası (EAMDS) ve Beck Anksiyete Envanteri (BEA) ile toplanmıştır. Bulgular. Gebelerin yaş ortalaması 27,4 ± 5,7 yıldır. EAMDS puan ortalaması 17,6 ± 10,1 (min-max: 2-55) BAE puan ortalaması da 19,2 ± 10,1’dir (min-max: 0-47). Gebelerin %50,7’sinde depresyon riski saptanmıştır. Gebelerin depresyon ve anksiyete düzeyini çalışma, eğitim düzeyi ve ekonomik durum algısı etkilemiştir. Ayrıca anksiyete düzeyini kronik bir hastalığa sahip olma durumu da etkilemiştir. Stresle başa çıkmada kendine güvenli yaklaşım, iyimser yaklaşım ve sosyal destek arama tarzını kullanma ile gebelikte depresyon riski arasında negatif, boyun eğici ve çaresiz yaklaşım tarzını kullanma ile gebelikte depresyon riski ve anksiyete düzeyi arasında ise pozitif ilişki bulunmuştur. Sonuç. Stresle başa çıkmada kendine güvenli yaklaşım, iyimser yaklaşım ve sosyal destek arama tarzını kullanan gebelerin depresyon riski düşmekte iken, boyun eğici ve çaresiz yaklaşım tarzını kullanan gebelerde ise depresyon riski ve anksiyete düzeyi yükselmektedir.

Anahtar sözcükler: Gebelik, stresle başa çıkma tarzı, anksiyete, depresyon

 

Abstract

Aim. To determine relationship between anxiety and depression level and coping styles with stress of pregnant women. Method. This study has been conducted in Sivas center between March and September 2013 in twelve districts which was selected by simple random sampling method in the form of home visits with 227 pregnant women. Data were collected by using Sociodemographic Personal Question Form, Ways of Coping with Stress Scale, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Results. Mean age of pregnant women was 27.4 ± 5.7. The mean scores CES-D of the pregnant women was 17.6 ± 10.1 (min-max: 2-55), mean scores of BAI scores was 19.2 ± 10.1 (min-max: 0-47). The risk of depression was found in 50.7% of pregnant women. Depression and anxiety levels of pregnant women was affected by working status, education level and perception of economic situation. In addition, the level of anxiety was also affected by having a chronic disease. It was determined that there is negative relationship between confident approach, optimistic approach, seeking for social support coping style and the risk of depression during pregnany. Also positive relationship was found between submissive and helpless coping style and risk of depression and anxiety level during pregnancy. Conclusion. Pregnant women who use confident approach, optimistic approach and seeking social support style to cope with stress are at a decreased risk for depression whereas risk of depression and anxiety are at an increased in pregnant women who use submissive and helpless style.

Keywords: Pregnancy, stress, coping style, anxiety, depression