Evaluation of vaginal flora and antibiogram analysis in reproductive-age women with or without vaginitis in primary care settings
Öz
Aims: The treatment modalities of patients with vaginal discharge are generally related to their symptoms. The aim of this study was to evaluate vaginal flora and antibiogram analysis in reproductive-age women with or without vaginitis in primary care settings. Methods: Vaginal swabs were taken from 311 women who have vaginitis, and tested for the causative agents of vaginal discharge. The control group was 89 healthy women without vaginal discharge. Vaginal swaps were used in a commercial tests system. The tests were used for count and presumptive identification of the micro-organisms and for the susceptibility testing of the urogenital mycoplasmas in the sample were interpreted by assessing the change in color of the various wells and performing a microscope examination.
Results: Most isolated microorganisms were; Candida sp. from 39 (12.5%) cultures, Gardnerella vaginalis from 32 (10.2%) cultures, Staphylococcus aureus from 32 (10.2%) cultures, Ureaplasma urealyticum from 29 (9.3%) cultures, Trichomonas vaginalis was found in 21 (6.7%) of the vaginal fluid specimens, there was 27 (8.6%) cultures which has no isolation. In control group Candida sp. was isolated from 3 (3.3%) cultures, Gardnerella vaginalis from 3 (3.3%) cultures, Trichomonas vaginalis was found in 1 (1.1%) of the vaginal fluid specimens.
Conclusions: The results of this study confirm that culture and antibiogram are very important in the management of the vaginitis.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Verstraelen H. Cutting edge: the vaginal microflora and bacterial vaginosis. Verh K Acad Geneeskd Belg 2008; 70: 147-74.
- Plourd DM. Practical Guide to Diagnosing and Treating Vaginitis. Medscape Womens Health. Available at: http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/408848 (accessed on February 17, 2009).
- Egan ME, Lipsky MS. Diagnosis of vaginitis. Am Fam Physician 2000; 62: 1095-1104.
- A.F. GENITAL SYSTEM. System for the search, count and susceptibility testing of pathogenic urogenital germs. REF.74156. Available at: http://www.frilabo.pt/fcms/images/stories/afgenitalsystem.pdf (accessed on February 21, 2009).
- Anderson MR, Klink K, Cohrssen A. Evaluation of vaginal complaints. JAMA 2004; 291: 1368-79.
- Gunay T, Aksakoglu G. Bakteriyel Vaginozis. Sted 2002; 11: 369-370.
- Anderson M, Karasz A, Friedland S. Are vaginal symptoms ever normal? A review of the literature. Med Gen Med 2004; 6: 49.
- Morris M, Nicoll A, Simms I, Wilson J, Catchpole M. Bacterial vaginosis: a public health review. BJOG. 2001; 108: 439-50.
- Yen S, Shafer MA, Moncada J, Campbell CJ, Flinn SD, Boyer CB. Bacterial vaginosis in sexually experienced and non-sexually experienced young women entering the military. Obstet Gynecol 2003; 102: 927-33.
- Amsel R, Totten PA, Spiegel CA, Chen KC, Eschenbach D, Holmes KK. Nonspecific vaginitis: Diagnostic criteria and microbial and epidemiologic associations. Am J Med 1983; 74: 14-22.
- Klebanoff MA, Schwebke JR, Zhang J, Nansel TR, Yu KF, Andrews WW. Vulvovaginal Symptoms in Women With Bacterial Vaginosis. Obstet Gynecol 2004; 104: 267-72.
- Mead PB, Winn WC. Vaginal-rectal colonization with group A streptococci in late pregnancy. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 2000; 8: 217-19.
- Karaduman A, Al FD, Aksu G, Haberal A. Distribution of Agents of Vaginal Infection in Pregnants. Turkish Journal of Infection 2006; 20: 171-175.
- Ertabaklar H, Ertug S, Kafkas S, Odabasi AR, Karatas E. Vaginal Akıntılı Olgularda Trichomonas vaginalis Arastirmasi. T Parazitol Derg 2004; 28: 181-184.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines 2006. MMWR Recomm Rep 2006; 55(RR11): 1–94.
- Hager WD, Brown ST, Kraus SJ, Kleris GS, Perkins GJ, Henderson M. Metronidazole for vaginal trichomoniasis. Seven-day vs single-dose regimens. JAMA 1980; 244: 1219- 20.
- Manorama HT, Shenoy DR. Single-dose oral treatment of vaginal trichomoniasis with tinidazole and metronidazole. J Int Med Res 1978; 6: 46-9.
- Forna F, Gulmezoglu AM. Interventions for treating trichomoniasis in women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003; 2: CD000218.
- Newman SB, Nelson MB, Friedman HB, Gaydos CA. Should female federal inmates be screened for Chlamydial and gonococcal infections? J Correctional Health Care 2005; 11: 137-55.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. High prevalence of Chlamydial and gonococcal infection in women entering jails and juvenile detention centers-Chicago, Birmingham, and San Francisco, 1998. JAMA 1999; 282: 1417-8.
- Mertz KJ, Voigt RA, Hutchins K, Levine WC. The Jail STD Prevalence Monitoring Group. Findings from STD screening of adolescents and adults entering corrections facilities, implications for STD control strategies. Sex Transm Dis 2002; 29: 834-839.
- Robertson AA, Thomas CB, St Lawrence JS, Pack R. Predictors of infection with Chlamydia or gonorrhea in incarcerated adolescents. Sex Transm Dis 2005; 32: 115-22.
Evaluation of vaginal flora and susceptibility test of microorganisms in reproductive-age women with or without vaginitis in primary care settings
Öz
Abstract
Aims. The treatment modalities of patients with vaginal discharge are generally related to their symptoms. The aim of this study was to evaluate vaginal flora and antibiogram analysis in reproductive-age women with or without vaginitis in primary care settings. Methods. Vaginal swabs were taken from 311 women who have vaginitis, and tested for the causative agents of vaginal discharge. The control group was 89 healthy women without vaginal discharge. Vaginal swaps were used in a commercial tests system. The tests were used for count and presumptive identification of the microorganisms and for the susceptibility testing of the urogenital mycoplasmas in the sample were interpreted by assessing the change in color of the various wells and performing a microscope examination. Results. Most isolated microorganisms were Candida sp. from 39 (12.5%)cultures, Gardnerella vaginalis from 32 (10.2%) cultures, Staphylococcus aureus from 32 (10.2%) cultures, Ureaplasma urealyticum from 29 (9.3%) cultures, and Trichomonas vaginalis from 21 (6.7%) cultures of the vaginal fluid specimens, and in 27 (8.6%) cultures, there was no isolation. In control group, Candida sp. was isolated from 3 (3.3%) cultures, Gardnerella vaginalis from 3 (3.3%) cultures, Trichomonas vaginalis was found in 1 (1.1%) of the vaginal fluid specimens. Conclusion. The results of this study confirm that culture and antibiogram are very important in the management of the vaginitis.
Keywords: Vaginal flora, antibiogram, vaginitis, reproductive age
Özet
Amaç. Vajinal akıntısı olan hastalarda tedavi modaliteleri genellikle hastaların semptomları ile ilişkilidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, birinci basamak sağlık kuruluşlarına başvuran, vajiniti olan ve olmayan doğurganlık çağındaki kadınlarda vajinal flora ve antibiyogram analizi sonuçlarını değerlendirmektir. Yöntem. Vajiniti olan 311 kadından vajinal sürüntü alındı ve vajinal akıntıya neden olan ajanlar araştırıldı. Kontrol grubu vajinal akıntısı olmayan 89 sağlıklı kadından oluşturuldu. Vajinal sürüntüler ticari test sisteminde değerlendirildi. Testler mikroorganizmaların sayısı ve olası identifikasyonları için kullanıldı, örnekteki ürogenital mikoplazmaların duyarlılık analizi çeşitli kuyucuklardaki renk değişikliği ve mikroskobik değerlendirme ile yapıldı. Bulgular. Vajinal sıvı spesmenlerinden en çok izole edilen mikroorganizmalar sırasıyla şunlardı: 39 kültürden (%12,5) Candida sp., 32 (%10,2) kültürden Gardnerella vaginalis, 32 (%10,2) kültürden Staphylococcus aureus, 29 (9,3%) kültürden Ureaplasma urealyticum ve 21 (%6,7) Trichomonas vaginalis. Yirmi yedi kültürde (%8,6) mikroorganizma izole edilmedi. Kontrol grubunda vajinal sıvı spesimenlerinden 3'ünde (%3,3) Candida sp., 3'ünde (%3,3) Gardnerella vaginalis, 1 (%1,1) Trichomonas vaginalis izole edildi. Sonuç. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları vajinit tedeavisinde kültür ve antibiyogramın çok önemli olduğunu doğrulamaktadır.
Anahtar sözcükler: Vajinal flora, antibiyogram, vaginit, üreme dönemi
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Verstraelen H. Cutting edge: the vaginal microflora and bacterial vaginosis. Verh K Acad Geneeskd Belg 2008; 70: 147-74.
- Plourd DM. Practical Guide to Diagnosing and Treating Vaginitis. Medscape Womens Health. Available at: http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/408848 (accessed on February 17, 2009).
- Egan ME, Lipsky MS. Diagnosis of vaginitis. Am Fam Physician 2000; 62: 1095-1104.
- A.F. GENITAL SYSTEM. System for the search, count and susceptibility testing of pathogenic urogenital germs. REF.74156. Available at: http://www.frilabo.pt/fcms/images/stories/afgenitalsystem.pdf (accessed on February 21, 2009).
- Anderson MR, Klink K, Cohrssen A. Evaluation of vaginal complaints. JAMA 2004; 291: 1368-79.
- Gunay T, Aksakoglu G. Bakteriyel Vaginozis. Sted 2002; 11: 369-370.
- Anderson M, Karasz A, Friedland S. Are vaginal symptoms ever normal? A review of the literature. Med Gen Med 2004; 6: 49.
- Morris M, Nicoll A, Simms I, Wilson J, Catchpole M. Bacterial vaginosis: a public health review. BJOG. 2001; 108: 439-50.
- Yen S, Shafer MA, Moncada J, Campbell CJ, Flinn SD, Boyer CB. Bacterial vaginosis in sexually experienced and non-sexually experienced young women entering the military. Obstet Gynecol 2003; 102: 927-33.
- Amsel R, Totten PA, Spiegel CA, Chen KC, Eschenbach D, Holmes KK. Nonspecific vaginitis: Diagnostic criteria and microbial and epidemiologic associations. Am J Med 1983; 74: 14-22.
- Klebanoff MA, Schwebke JR, Zhang J, Nansel TR, Yu KF, Andrews WW. Vulvovaginal Symptoms in Women With Bacterial Vaginosis. Obstet Gynecol 2004; 104: 267-72.
- Mead PB, Winn WC. Vaginal-rectal colonization with group A streptococci in late pregnancy. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 2000; 8: 217-19.
- Karaduman A, Al FD, Aksu G, Haberal A. Distribution of Agents of Vaginal Infection in Pregnants. Turkish Journal of Infection 2006; 20: 171-175.
- Ertabaklar H, Ertug S, Kafkas S, Odabasi AR, Karatas E. Vaginal Akıntılı Olgularda Trichomonas vaginalis Arastirmasi. T Parazitol Derg 2004; 28: 181-184.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines 2006. MMWR Recomm Rep 2006; 55(RR11): 1–94.
- Hager WD, Brown ST, Kraus SJ, Kleris GS, Perkins GJ, Henderson M. Metronidazole for vaginal trichomoniasis. Seven-day vs single-dose regimens. JAMA 1980; 244: 1219- 20.
- Manorama HT, Shenoy DR. Single-dose oral treatment of vaginal trichomoniasis with tinidazole and metronidazole. J Int Med Res 1978; 6: 46-9.
- Forna F, Gulmezoglu AM. Interventions for treating trichomoniasis in women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003; 2: CD000218.
- Newman SB, Nelson MB, Friedman HB, Gaydos CA. Should female federal inmates be screened for Chlamydial and gonococcal infections? J Correctional Health Care 2005; 11: 137-55.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. High prevalence of Chlamydial and gonococcal infection in women entering jails and juvenile detention centers-Chicago, Birmingham, and San Francisco, 1998. JAMA 1999; 282: 1417-8.
- Mertz KJ, Voigt RA, Hutchins K, Levine WC. The Jail STD Prevalence Monitoring Group. Findings from STD screening of adolescents and adults entering corrections facilities, implications for STD control strategies. Sex Transm Dis 2002; 29: 834-839.
- Robertson AA, Thomas CB, St Lawrence JS, Pack R. Predictors of infection with Chlamydia or gonorrhea in incarcerated adolescents. Sex Transm Dis 2005; 32: 115-22.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Temel Tıp Bilimleri Araştırma Yazıları |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 21 Mart 2009 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2009Cilt: 31 Sayı: 2 |