Öz
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease on thyroid nodule prevalence
Methods: A total of 384 patients who were followed up with Grade 2-3 Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver diagnosis were investigated for the presence of multinodular and/or nodular goiter. Demographic characteristics, biochemical data, and abdominal and thyroid ultrasonography reports of the patients were collected from patient files and electronic records.
Results: The ALT (cut-off level 10-40 U/L), GGT (cut-level 0 - 65 U / L), triglyceride (0-150 mg/dL), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR index value < 2.71), and TSH (cut-off level 0.45-4.12 mU / L), which are biochemical and metabolic parameters examined in our study, increased at statistically significant levels as the fat increased in the liver. A total of 45.8% (176/384) of the patients had Grade-2 Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, and 54.1% (208/384) had Grade-3 Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. As fat increased in the Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, the prevalence of nodules increased at statistically significant levels (p=0.001).
Conclusion: Our study found that the frequency of thyroid nodules, disruption of the parenchymal structure, and metabolic and biochemical disruption are parallel in non-Alcoholic fatty liver patients.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver thyroid nodule parenchymal structure
Destekleyen Kurum
None
Proje Numarası
None
Teşekkür
N/A
Kaynakça
- 1. Gharib H, et al. Task Force on Thyroid Nodules. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, Associazione Medici Endocrinologi, and EuropeanThyroid Association Medical Guidelines for Clinical Practice for the Diagnosis and Management of Thyroid Nodules. Endocr Pract. 2010 16:1-43.
- 2. Davies L, Welch HG. Increasing incidence of thyroid cancer in the United States, 1973-2002. JAMA. 2006;295(18):2164-7.
- 3. Yin J, Wang C, Shao Q, Qu D, Song Z, Shan P, Zhang T, Xu J, Liang Q, Zhang S, Huang J. Relationship between the Prevalence of Thyroid Nodules and Metabolic Syndrome in the Iodine-Adequate Area of Hangzhou, China: A Cross-Sectional and Cohort Study. Int J Endocrinol. 2014;2014:675-796.
- 4. Arduc A, et al. Higher body mass index and larger waist circumference may be predictors of thyroid carcinoma in patients with Hürthle-cell lesion/neoplasm fine-needle aspiration diagnosis. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2015;83(3):405-11.
- 5. Polyzos SA, Kita M, Avramidis A. Thyroid nodules - stepwise diagnosis and management. Hormones (Athens). 2007;6(2):101-19.
- 6. Hu F, Teng X, Teng W, Guan H, Yang F, Gao T, Wang W, Shi X, Tong Y. A comparative epidemic study of goiter and thyroid nodules in areas with different iodine intake. Chinese Journal Of Endemiology. 2002;21:464–467.
- 7. Men X. The Research of The Prevalence of Thyroid Nodule in Physical Examination Population. China Practical Medical. 2013;33:103–104.
- 8. Liu Y, Lin Z, Sheng C, Zhu Y, Huang Y, Zhong N, Jia Z, Qu S. The prevalence of thyroid nodules in northwest China and its correlation with metabolic parameters and uric acid. Oncotarget. 2017;8(25):41555-41562.
- 9. Zhao W, et al. Prevalence of goiter and thyroid nodules before and after implementation of the universal salt iodization program in mainland China from 1985 to 2014: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2014;9(10):109-549.
- 10. Oertel JE, Klınck GH. Structural changes ın the thyroıd glands of healthy young men. Med Ann Dist Columbia. 1965 Feb;34:75-7. PMID: 14272722.
- 11. Ding X, et al. Gender Disparity in the Relationship between Prevalence of Thyroid Nodules and Metabolic Syndrome Components: The SHDC-CDPC Community-Based Study. Mediators Inflamm. 2017;2017:848-1049.
- 12. Chen Y, et al. The Association of Thyroid Nodules with Metabolic Status: A Cross-Sectional SPECT-China Study. Int J Endocrinol. 2018;2018:685-3617. 13. Rezzónico JN, Rezzónico M, Pusiol E, Pitoia F, Niepomniszcze H. Increased prevalence of insulin resistance in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2009;7(4):375-80.
- 14. He W, An X, Li L, Shao X, Li Q, Yao Q, Zhang JA. Relationship between Hypothyroidism and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2017;8:335.
- 15. Geach T. Thyroid function: Poor thyroid function linked to NAFLD. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2016;12(8):434.
- 16. Nakade Y, Yoneda M. Relationship between Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Thyroid Dysfunction. Intern Med. 2016;55(15):1941-1942.
- 17. Martínez-Sánchez N, et al. Hypothalamic AMPK-ER Stress-JNK1 Axis Mediates the Central Actions of Thyroid Hormones on Energy Balance. Cell Metab. 2017 5;26(1):212-229
- 18. Sinha RA, Singh BK, Yen PM. Direct effects of thyroid hormones on hepatic lipid metabolism. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2018;14(5):259-269.
Öz
Proje Numarası
None
Kaynakça
- 1. Gharib H, et al. Task Force on Thyroid Nodules. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, Associazione Medici Endocrinologi, and EuropeanThyroid Association Medical Guidelines for Clinical Practice for the Diagnosis and Management of Thyroid Nodules. Endocr Pract. 2010 16:1-43.
- 2. Davies L, Welch HG. Increasing incidence of thyroid cancer in the United States, 1973-2002. JAMA. 2006;295(18):2164-7.
- 3. Yin J, Wang C, Shao Q, Qu D, Song Z, Shan P, Zhang T, Xu J, Liang Q, Zhang S, Huang J. Relationship between the Prevalence of Thyroid Nodules and Metabolic Syndrome in the Iodine-Adequate Area of Hangzhou, China: A Cross-Sectional and Cohort Study. Int J Endocrinol. 2014;2014:675-796.
- 4. Arduc A, et al. Higher body mass index and larger waist circumference may be predictors of thyroid carcinoma in patients with Hürthle-cell lesion/neoplasm fine-needle aspiration diagnosis. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2015;83(3):405-11.
- 5. Polyzos SA, Kita M, Avramidis A. Thyroid nodules - stepwise diagnosis and management. Hormones (Athens). 2007;6(2):101-19.
- 6. Hu F, Teng X, Teng W, Guan H, Yang F, Gao T, Wang W, Shi X, Tong Y. A comparative epidemic study of goiter and thyroid nodules in areas with different iodine intake. Chinese Journal Of Endemiology. 2002;21:464–467.
- 7. Men X. The Research of The Prevalence of Thyroid Nodule in Physical Examination Population. China Practical Medical. 2013;33:103–104.
- 8. Liu Y, Lin Z, Sheng C, Zhu Y, Huang Y, Zhong N, Jia Z, Qu S. The prevalence of thyroid nodules in northwest China and its correlation with metabolic parameters and uric acid. Oncotarget. 2017;8(25):41555-41562.
- 9. Zhao W, et al. Prevalence of goiter and thyroid nodules before and after implementation of the universal salt iodization program in mainland China from 1985 to 2014: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2014;9(10):109-549.
- 10. Oertel JE, Klınck GH. Structural changes ın the thyroıd glands of healthy young men. Med Ann Dist Columbia. 1965 Feb;34:75-7. PMID: 14272722.
- 11. Ding X, et al. Gender Disparity in the Relationship between Prevalence of Thyroid Nodules and Metabolic Syndrome Components: The SHDC-CDPC Community-Based Study. Mediators Inflamm. 2017;2017:848-1049.
- 12. Chen Y, et al. The Association of Thyroid Nodules with Metabolic Status: A Cross-Sectional SPECT-China Study. Int J Endocrinol. 2018;2018:685-3617. 13. Rezzónico JN, Rezzónico M, Pusiol E, Pitoia F, Niepomniszcze H. Increased prevalence of insulin resistance in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2009;7(4):375-80.
- 14. He W, An X, Li L, Shao X, Li Q, Yao Q, Zhang JA. Relationship between Hypothyroidism and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2017;8:335.
- 15. Geach T. Thyroid function: Poor thyroid function linked to NAFLD. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2016;12(8):434.
- 16. Nakade Y, Yoneda M. Relationship between Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Thyroid Dysfunction. Intern Med. 2016;55(15):1941-1942.
- 17. Martínez-Sánchez N, et al. Hypothalamic AMPK-ER Stress-JNK1 Axis Mediates the Central Actions of Thyroid Hormones on Energy Balance. Cell Metab. 2017 5;26(1):212-229
- 18. Sinha RA, Singh BK, Yen PM. Direct effects of thyroid hormones on hepatic lipid metabolism. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2018;14(5):259-269.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi |
| Bölüm | Dahili Tıp Bilimleri Araştırma Yazıları |
| Yazarlar | |
| Proje Numarası | None |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 31 Aralık 2022 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 29 Aralık 2022 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2022Cilt: 44 Sayı: 4 |